Labradores y granjeros ante las urnas. El comportamiento político del pequeño campesinado en la Europa Occidental de entreguerras. Una visión comparada

The remarkable advances experienced by the recent historiography focussed in the study of the politicization of the rural Western European population, have finished affecting to the interpretations elaborated around the outstanding role played by the political and electoral behaviours of the peasantry in the inter-war period. So and as they show the examples located In Germany, France or Spain In so decisive period –examined with the new analytical instruments used by Electoral Sociology, the New Political History, the comparative method in History or Historical Sociology-, the diverse routes by which ran the politicization farmer lead to the formalization of the different forged social alliances during the mentioned historical stage. Turning, thus, to the intermediate peasantry of small proprietors and renters, in a protagonist of first magnitude in the conformation of a heterogeneous conglomerate of social groups decided to endorse the proposals of fascist transformation of the liberal State

Las consecuencias de la derrota. El regreso a la agricultura tradicional y el sometimiento de la población campesina en Andalucía Oriental durante la primera etapa del régimen franquista, 1939-1953

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La finalización de la Gran Guerra, la intensificación de las luchas agrarias y la crisis del liberalismo. España e Italia en perspectiva comparada, 1914-1923

Resumen: Los desajustes económicos y financieros o los graves desequilibrios presupuestarios causados por la Gran Guerra agudizaron los enfrentamientos  de clase en la práctica totalidad de los países europeos. Los repuntes inflacionarios y la extensión de los conflictos huelguísticos en la agricultura provocaron, tanto en Italia como en España, la radicalización de los jornaleros, el auge del sindicalismo socialista y el generalizado temor, entre las oligarquías latifundistas y las clases medias rurales, a una transformación de signo revolucionario o comunista. Como trataremos de demostrar en el presente artículo, la intensificación de la conflictividad registrada en extensas comarcas rurales de Italia y el sur de España tras la finalización de la Gran Guerra, inclinó a las clases medias agrícolas y la burguesía agraria hacia la denuncia del parlamentarismo, aproximándolas a las propuestas antiliberales y autoritarias defendidas tanto por el fascismo como por el corporativismo tradicionalista.Palabras clave: Gran Guerra, Luchas agrarias, Crisis del Liberalismo, España, Italia, Radicalización Política, Socialismo, Fascismo, Autoritarismo, Corporativismo.Abstract: Financial and economic turmoil together with grave budgetary imbalances caused by the Great War exacerbated the class struggle in almost all European countries. Rising inflation and increasing conflict in the countryside led both in Spain and in Italy to the radicalization of the landless peasantry, the growth of socialist trade unions and widespread fear, amongst the rural oligarchy and the middle classes, of a revolutionary or communist take-over. As we shall try to demonstrate in this article, the intensification of the conflict in vast rural areas in Italy and southern Spain in the aftermath of the Great War inclined the agrarian bourgeoisie and middle classes to reject parliamentarianism and accept instead illiberal and anti-democratic proposals represented by fascism and traditional forms of authoritarian corporatism.Keywords: Great War, Agrarian conflicts, Crisis of Liberalism, Spain, Italy, Political radicalization, Socialism, Fascism, Authoritarianism, Corporatism

Assessing the rate of non-linkage to care and identifying barriers in individuals living with hepatitis B. Results of the LINK-B study

Access to care; Barriers; Hepatitis BAccés a l'atenció; Barreres; Hepatitis BAcceso a la atención; Barreras; Hepatitis BBackground & Aims Hepatitis B infection is the most frequent cause of chronic hepatitis and liver cancer worldwide. Active searching for individuals with chronic hepatitis B has been proposed as a strategy to achieve the elimination of this virus. The primary aim of this study was to link to specialists HBsAg-positive individuals detected in a laboratory database and to characterize individuals who were not linked to care. Methods We performed a retrospective–prospective evaluation of all HBsAg-positive serum samples identified in the central laboratory of the Northern Barcelona area between January 2018 and June 2022. After reviewing the patients' clinical charts, all those not linked to care were given an appointment with a specialist. Results Medical records of 2765 different HBsAg-positive serum samples were reviewed and 2590 individuals were identified: 844 (32.6%) were not linked to a specialist, 653 were candidates for linkage, and 344 attended the specialist visit. The two main reasons why they were not under specialist care were administrative issues, such as living in another region (12.1%) and lacking contact details (4.1%), and low life expectancy (2.8%). Individuals who did not attend their scheduled visit were mainly young [38.1 ± 12.9 vs. 44.0 ± 14.0 (p < .001)], non-White European [75.3% vs. 58.1% (p < .001)] and men [70.7% vs. 56.4% (p < .001)]. Conclusions One in every three HBsAg-positive individuals in our setting was not currently under specialist care. Of particular note, half of them had never attended a specialist consultation, an essential step for evaluating the disease and starting therapy in some countries.This project was supported by Gilead Sciences through the competitive research ‘HBV Treat’ (protocol number IN-ES-320-6107)

The stability and consolidation of the Francoist Regime. The case of Eastern Andalusia, 1936-50

The stabilisation and longevity of Franco’s regime can be explained by the interpenetration of society and the institutions of the ‘New State’ in three overlapping areas: firstly, in the sphere of the shared culture of the community of civil war victors; secondly, through repression, based on the decisive collaboration of those supporting Francoism, which cut short any possible opposition; thirdly, in the socio-economic sphere, where those making up the groups supporting the ‘New State’ would see their personal interests fulfilled. At the same time, the defeated would be ensnared in a maze of misery and silence, abandoning any political concerns and concentrating instead on survival. Accordingly, the regime proved able to win support from a broad range of social groups while also eliminating any signs of opposition.The Spanish Ministerio de Innovación y Ciencia funded the research drawn on for this article (reference HAR2009‐07487)

Abnormal cannabidiol ameliorates inflammation preserving pancreatic beta cells in mouse models of experimental type 1 diabetes and beta cell damage

The atypical cannabinoid Abn-CBD improves the inflammatory status in preclinical models of several pathologies, including autoimmune diseases. However, its potential for modulating inflammation in autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Herein we investigate whether Abn-CBD can modulate the inflammatory response during T1D onset using a mouse model of T1D (non-obese diabetic- (NOD)-mice) and of beta cell damage (streptozotocin (STZ)-injected mice). Six-week-old female NOD mice were treated with Abn-CBD (0.1–1 mg/kg) or vehicle during 12 weeks and then euthanized. Eight-to-ten-week-old male C57Bl6/J mice were pre-treated with Abn-CBD (1 mg/kg of body weight) or vehicle for 1 week, following STZ challenge, and euthanized 1 week later. Blood, pancreas, pancreatic lymph nodes (PLNs) and T cells were collected and processed for analysis. Glycemia was also monitored. In NOD mice, treatment with Abn-CBD significantly reduced the severity of insulitis and reduced the pro-inflammatory profile of CD4+ T cells compared to vehicle. Concomitantly, Abn-CBD significantly reduced islet cell apoptosis and improved glucose tolerance. In STZ-injected mice, Abn-CBD decreased circulating proinflammatory cytokines and ameliorated islet inflammation reducing intra-islet phospho-NF-κB and TXNIP. Abn-CBD significantly reduced 2 folds intra-islet CD8+ T cells and reduced Th1/non-Th1 ratio in PLNs of STZ-injected mice. Islet cell apoptosis and intra-islet fibrosis were also significantly reduced in Abn-CBD pre-treated mice compared to vehicle. Altogether, Abn-CBD reduces circulating and intra-islet inflammation, preserving islets, thus delaying the progression of insulitis. Hence, Abn-CBD and related compounds emerge as new candidates to develop pharmacological strategies to treat the early stages of T1D