The influence of environmental temperatures on the composition of milk of the dairy cow

Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-50)

Time management of training and maintenance obligations in a Marine Corps command

This thesis examines requirements placed upon a selected Marine Corps Command (Communication Company, First Marine Division, Camp Pendleton, California); quantifies them into man hours, and compares the total man hours available to the Commander. The study was constrained to training and maintenance requirements and excludes administration, corrective maintenance, and supply requirements. Identification of the requirements was accomplished by reviewing pertinent directives and technical manuals. Quantification was based on empirical data received from Communication Company plus conversations with key personnel at Headquarters, Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., and East and West Coast Marine Corps Units. The conclusions discuss the relative amounts of over commitments; the necessity of skilled management at the company level; and the responsibilities higher headquarters have as related to the problem areas. The recommendations are actions which could assist in alleviating over commitments.http://archive.org/details/timemanagementof00cobbMajor, United States Marine CorpsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Spallation-Fission Competition in Heaviest Elements; Helium IonInduced Reactions in Plutonium Isotopes

Excitation functions have been determined for the spallation and fission reactions induced in plutonium isotopes by 20 to 50 Mev helium ions. The method employed consisted of cyclotron bombardments of plutonium oxide followed by the chemical isolation and alpha or beta counting of radioactive reaction products. Formation cross sections are given where possible for the curium and americium spallation products corresponding to ({alpha},n), ({alpha},2n), ({alpha},3n), ({alpha},4n), ({alpha}5n), ({alpha},p), ({alpha},pn or d), ({alpha},p2n or t), and ({alpha},p3n) reactions in Pu{sup 238} , Pu{sup 239}, and Pu{sup 242}. Fission yield curves and fission cross sections for Pu{sup 238} and Pu{sup 239} serve to define the characteristics of the ({alpha},f) reaction for plutonium isotopes. Chemical procedures are outlined for the separation of both spallation and fission product elements in a sequence of operations performed on the entire dissolved target

Sitagliptin reduces cardiac apoptosis, hypertrophy and fibrosis primarily by insulin-dependent mechanisms in experimental type-II diabetes. Potential roles of GLP-1 isoforms

Background:Myocardial fibrosis is a key process in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, their underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated, leading to a lack of therapy. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) enhancer, sitagliptin, reduces hyperglycemia but may also trigger direct effects on the heart.Methods:Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats developed type-II diabetes and received sitagliptin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug (metformin) or vehicle (n=10, each). After cardiac structure and function assessment, plasma and left ventricles were isolated for biochemical studies. Cultured cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were used for in vitro assays.Results:Untreated GK rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, plasma GLP-1 decrease, and cardiac cell-death, hypertrophy, fibrosis and prolonged deceleration time. Moreover, cardiac pro-apoptotic/necrotic, hypertrophic and fibrotic factors were up-regulated. Importantly, both sitagliptin and metformin lessened all these parameters. In cultured cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, high-concentration of palmitate or glucose induced cell-death, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Interestingly, GLP-1 and its insulinotropic-inactive metabolite, GLP-1(9-36), alleviated these responses. In addition, despite a specific GLP-1 receptor was only detected in cardiomyocytes, GLP-1 isoforms attenuated the pro-fibrotic expression in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. In addition, GLP-1 receptor signalling may be linked to PPARδ activation, and metformin may also exhibit anti-apoptotic/necrotic and anti-fibrotic direct effects in cardiac cells.Conclusions:Sitagliptin, via GLP-1 stabilization, promoted cardioprotection in type-II diabetic hearts primarily by limiting hyperglycemia e hyperlipidemia. However, GLP-1 and GLP-1(9-36) promoted survival and anti-hypertrophic/fibrotic effects on cultured cardiac cells, suggesting cell-autonomous cardioprotective actionsThis work was supported by national funding from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (SAF2009-08367), Comunidad de Madrid (CCG10-UAM/ BIO-5289), and a unrestricted grant from by Merck/MS

Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion