A bioactive-borate-sealer can protect enamel from erosion during orthodontic treatment.

Aim or Purpose: This study tested the ability of a patented borate enamel sealer (BES) (US Patent 11,602,491) to protect enamel surfaces from erosive attack during orthodontic treatment and its effect on shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic attachment to enamel treated by (BES). The results were compared to a fluoride agent and a resin sealer. Materials and Methods: 120 human enamel specimens were utilized. Enamel buccal surfaces were etched with phosphoric-acid then divided into: (BES) group; (ERS) resin-adhesive system group; (EF) fluoride gel 1.23% group, and enamel control (EC) group; followed by bonding to orthodontic composite resin attachments. The treated enamel specimens had their (SBS) composite examined utilizing a universal testing machine (Electro Plus E1000, Instron, Canton, MA, USA). The enamel specimens were exposed to 1% citric acid (18 min). Enamel specimens were examined by (SEM/EDS) scanning-electron-microscope equipped with electron-dispersive-spectroscopy and (FTIR/ATR). Analysis-of-Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the SBS and Wilcoxon-signed-rank test was used to compare the enamel areas protected by the applied agents before/after erosion (p = 0.05). Results: There was no significance difference in SBS among all groups p < 0.05. SEM results showed that (BES) group was the only group that significantly protected enamel from erosion p < 0.05. FTIR/ATR examination showed that erosion did not alter the enamel groups’ chemical composition and that Borate enamel sealer has an acceptable “Degree of conversion”. Conclusions: The Borate enamel sealer released calcium and phosphate compounds that decreased the erosive activity of the citric acid resulting in protecting enamel from erosion without affecting the SBS to composite Orthodontic attachments

A bioactive-borate temporary filling remineralizes dentin cavity walls

Aim or Purpose: This study evaluated the capability of a patented bioactive temporary filling material (US Patent 11,602,491) to remineralize demineralized dentin class V cavity walls prior to composite restorative phase. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 20 lower freshly extracted third molars. The occlusal margins of the prepared cavities were in enamel and the gingival margins located at the cemento-enamel junction dimensions were; 4.0 mm in width, 3.0 mm in height, and 2 mm in depth. The cavities were challenged with buffered demineralization solution (2.2mM CaCl2, 10mM NaH2PO4, 50mM acetic acid, 100mM NaCl, 1 ppm NaF, 5mM NaN3; pH 4.5). The buccal cavities received a ready-made temporary filling (Caviton; GC, Tokyo, Japan) while the lingual cavities received the borate temporary filling followed by light curing for 30 seconds. The specimens were stored in a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0) For 24 hours. The cavities were embedded in resin and cut into sections 100–120 microns. Trans-microradiograph images were taken by x-ray generator (CMR 2; Softex, Tokyo, Japan). Mean mineral profiles and lesion depth were calculated using a special software and compared statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) p=0.05. Results: ANOVA showed that The temporary borate filling increased the mineral content at the cervical, pulpal and occlusal walls p<0.05. The lesion depth was significantly decreased p<0.05 in case of applying the borate temporary material. Conclusions: The temporary borate filling material released calcium and phosphate complexes that penetrated the dentinal demineralized lesions causing significant dentin remineralization within 24 hours