19 research outputs found
FXR agonism protects against liver injury in a rat model of intestinal failure-associated liver disease
Background: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a clinical challenge. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and remains poorly understood. Disturbed recirculation of bile salts, e.g. due to loss of
bile via an enterocutaneous fistula, is considered a major contributing factor. We hypothesize that impaired
signaling via the bile salt receptor FXR underlies the development of IFALD. The aim of this study was to
investigate whether activation of FXR improves liver homeostasis during chronic loss of bile in rats.
Methods: To study consequences of chronic loss of bile, rats underwent external biliary drainage (EBD) or
sham surgery for seven days, and the prophylactic potential of the FXR agonist INT-747 was assessed.
Results: EBD for 7 days resulted in liver test abnormalities and histological liver damage. Expression of the
intestinal FXR target gene Fgf15 was undetectable after EBD, and this was accompanied by an anticipated
increase in hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, indicating increased bile salt synthesis. Treatment with INT-747
improved serum biochemistry, reduced loss of bile fluid in drained rats and prevented development of
drainage-associated histological liver injury.
Conclusions: EBD results in extensive hepatobiliary injury and cholestasis. These data suggest that FXR
activation might be a novel therapy in preventing liver dysfunction in patients with intestinal failure.
Relevance for patients: This study demonstrates that chronic loss of bile causes liver injury in rats. Abrogated recycling of bile salts impairing of enterohepatic bile salt/FXR signaling underlies these pathological
changes, as administration of FXR agonist INT747 prevents biliary drainage-induced liver damage. Pharmacological activation of FXR might be a therapeutic strategy to treat disorders accompanied by a perturbed enterohepatic circulation such as intestinal failure-associated liver diseas
Severity of venous insufficiency is related to the density of microvasculair deposition of PAI-1, uPA and von Willebrand factor
Severity of venous insufficiency is related to the density of microvasculair deposition of PAI-1, uPA and von Willebrand factor
Citrulline: A physiologic marker enabling quantitation and monitoring of epithelial radiation-induced small bowel damage
Purpose: Small bowel irradiation results in epithelial cell loss and consequently impairs function and metabolism. We investigated whether citrulline, a metabolic end product of small bowel enterocytes, can be used for quantifying radiation-induced epithelial cell loss.
Methods and Materials: NMRI mice were subjected to single-dose whole body irradiation (WBI). The time course of citrullinemia was assessed up to 11 days after WBI. A dose-response relationship was determined at 84 h after WBI. In addition, citrullinemia was correlated with morphologic parameters at this time point and used to calculate the dose-modifying factor (DMF) of glutamine and amifostine on acute small bowel radiation damage.
Results: After WBI, a time- and dose-dependent decrease in plasma citrulline level was observed with a significant dose-response relationship at 84 h. At this time point, citrullinemia significantly correlated with jejunal crypt regeneration (p < 0.001) and epithelial surface lining (p = 0.001). A DMF of 1.0 and 1.5 was computed at the effective dose 50 (ED50) level for glutamine and amifostine, respectively.
Conclusions: Citrullinemia can be used to quantify acute small bowel epithelial radiation damage after single-dose WBI. Radiation-induced changes in citrullinemia are most pronounced at 31/2 to 4 days postirradiation. At this time point, citrullinemia correlates with morphologic endpoints for epithelial radiation damage. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc
Increased myocardial collagen content in transgenic rats overexpressing cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme is related to enhanced breakdown of N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro and increased phosphorylation of Smad2/3
Background-Although increased activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been associated with increased cardiac collagen, no studies to date have established a direct cause-and-effect relation between the two. Methods and Results-We used transgenic rats that overexpress human ACE selectively in the myocardium. Two independent heterozygous transgenic rat lines were studied, one expressing 2 to 3 copies (L1172) and the other expressing 5 to 10 copies (L1173) of the ACE transgene. These rats were normotensive but developed a proportionate increase in myocardial collagen depending on the ACE gene dose (up to 2.5-fold, P Conclusions-Our findings suggest that increased cardiac ACE activity can increase cardiac collagen content by degradation of AcSDKP, an inhibitor of the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β signaling molecules Smad2 and Smad3. This implies that the antifibrotic effects of ACE inhibitors are mediated in part by increasing cardiac AcSDKP, with subsequent inhibition of Smad 2/3 phosphorylation