Estimación del tiempo de desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi bajo condiciones experimentales

Objetivo: Estimar el tiempo promedio de desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi.Materiales y métodos: Se inició una colonia de Lutzomyia evansi con individuos reco- lectados en la zona urbana de la ciudad de Sincelejo (Colombia). La colonia fue mantenida en el laboratorio durante tres generaciones filiales bajo condiciones experimentales prome- dio de 26oC de temperatura y 94% de humedad relativa. Resultados: La duración del desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi fue de 36 a 45 días. El tiem- po requerido para el desarrollo de los huevos fue en promedio de 6,75 días (rango de 6 a 8 días). La duración en promedio de los diferentes estadios larvales fue 5,75 días en larvas de primer estadio (rango de 5 a 8 días), 5,75 días en larvas de segundo estadio (rango de 4 a 7 días), 5 días en larvas de tercer estadio (rango de 4 a 7 días) y 7 días en larvas de cuarto estadio (rango de 6 a 8 días). En la fase de pupa, la duración en promedio fue de 9,75 días (rango de 7 a 17 días). Conclusiones: El tiempo promedio requerido para el desarrollo de Lutzomyia evansi, comprendido desde la alimentación sanguínea de la hembra madre hasta la emergencia del adulto, es de 40 días. Palabras clave: Flebotomíneo, Lutzomyia evansi, biología, leishmaniasis, Colombia Abstract Objective: To estimate the mean development time for Lutzomyia evansi. Materials and methods: A laboratory colony of Lutzomyia evansi was started from sand flies collected in the urban area of the City of Sincelejo, Colombia. The colony was maintained during three filial generations under experimental conditions of 26oC of mean temperature, and 94% of average relative humidity. Results: The duration of the development of Lutzomyia evansi was from 36 to 45 days. The development time for eggs was, on average, 6, 75 days (interval from 6 to 8 days). The mean duration of the different larval instars was 5,75 days in first instar (interval from 5 to 8 days), 5,75 days in second instar (interval from 4 to 7 days), 5 days in third instar (in- terval from 4 to 7 days) and 7 days in fourth instar (interval from 6 to 8 days). In the stage of pupa the development time was, on average, 9, 75 days (interval from 7 to 17 days). Conclusions: The mean development time for Lutzomyia evansi, from the female's blood meal to adult emergence, is 40 days. Keywords: Sand fly, Lutzomyia evansi, biology, leishmaniasis, Colombia

Estrategia pedagógica para afrontar el desencanto y la repitencia escolar

163 Páginas incluye diagramasEl fracaso escolar y la repitencia son fenómenos que aquejan a las instituciones educativas en Colombia. Esta investigación presenta los resultados de un proyecto de intervención pedagógica centrado en los principios de la enseñanza para la comprensión, la interdisciplinariedad, el trabajo colaborativo y el uso de algunas narrativas digitales cuya intención fue la de dinamizar las clases, fortalecer las competencias básicas de los estudiantes y propender por su involucramiento académico y social. El estudio de corte cualitativo etnográfico, se realizó con dos grupos de estudiantes de grado séptimo de dos instituciones públicas de la ciudad de Bogotá, con énfasis particular en la población repitente. Los objetivos fueron determinar cambios en los comportamientos y actitudes de los estudiantes al involucrarse con la propuesta, describir manifestaciones de compromiso, apego y/o membresía hacia la institución propiciadas por el proyecto e identificar posibles transformaciones en algunas competencias. Los resultados señalan cambios positivos en términos de participación, interés y motivación por el aprendizaje. El proyecto generó lazos de confianza construidos en la interacción entre profesores y estudiantes que incidieron en su deseo de permanecer en el aula y participar en las actividades propuestas. La investigación pone de relieve el papel del trabajo colaborativo entre docentes e invita a incursionar en el empleo de herramientas digitales y que permitan un mayor acercamiento al mundo académico y personal del estudiante.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento Bolívar

En el desarrollo del presente informe basado en la imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia (Departamento Bolívar), se llevara a cabo de acuerdo a este adscrito diplomado de profundización acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia; derivados procedimientos en los cuales estaremos evaluando aquellos eventos psicosociales que son vivenciados a causa de la situación que diariamente afecta muchos contextos en nuestro territorio colombiano y que son invadidos por grupos armados (FARC, paramilitares, milicianos y entre otros) los cuales se apoderan de estos espacios para realizar acciones ilícitas, tomando ellos el control de todo y actuando de manera violenta en contra de aquellos miembros que habitan en estos contextos. Es por esto que se proyectó en este ejercicio un análisis de relatos, con el fin de observar y evaluar los impactos psicosociales traumáticos que pasaron los protagonistas de estos casos para así, proponer pautas como recurso de afrontamiento ante el sufrimiento, dolor, traumas y tragedias acontecidas por la violencia en torno al conflicto armado. Asimismo, se contempló de manera colaborativa el apoyo participativo, en donde le dimos escogencia a uno de los casos; trabajando ante la aplicación y aportación argumentativa y al mismo tiempo creando mediante la construcción de preguntas estratégicas, circulares y reflexivas una entrevista imaginativa, con el fin de resaltar aquellos sucesos que fueron de más interés y los cuales nos permitieron abordar ante una perspectiva visual de esos escenarios de violencia que en ciertos aspectos de la vida afectan cada estado psíquico del ser humano y que alude al deterioro físico, mental y emocional para generar impactos que logren gestionar traumas psicosocial y crisis en todas las facetas de sus vidas. Por último, se termina la ejecución de esta actividad ante la exposición de una propuesta de abordaje, frente a un nuevo caso, para generar reflexiones mediante la resolución de cuatro ítems, solventando estas respuestas bajo el apoyo de la lectura de los contenidos de las unidades 8, 9 y 10, generando propuestas ante estrategias que ayuden apropiándonos principalmente al acompañamiento psicosocial, con relación aquellos contextos de violencia y que son afectados de una u otra forma.In the development of this report based on the image and the narrative as tools for the psychosocial approach in scenes of violence (Bolívar Department), according to this assigned diploma of deepening psychosocial accompaniment in scenes of violence will be carried out; Derived procedures in which we will be evaluating those psychosocial events that are experienced due to the situation that daily affects many contexts in our Colombian territory and that are invaded by armed groups (FARC, paramilitaries, militiamen and among others) which seize these spaces to carry out illegal actions, taking control of them of everything and acting violently against those members who inhabit these contexts. That is why an analysis of stories was projected in this exercise, in order to observe and evaluate the traumatic psychosocial impacts experienced by the protagonists of these cases in order to propose guidelines as a coping resource in the face of suffering, pain, traumas and tragedies caused by the violence surrounding the armed conflict. Likewise, participatory support was contemplated in a collaborative way, where we chose one of the cases; working before the application and argumentative contribution and at the same time creating an imaginative interview through the construction of strategic, circular and reflective questions, in order to highlight those events that were of most interest and which allowed us to approach before a visual perspective of those scenarios of violence that in certain aspects of life affect each mental state of the human being and that alludes to physical, mental and emotional deterioration to generate impacts that manage to manage psychosocial trauma and crisis in all facets of their lives. Finally, the execution of this activity is finished before the presentation of an approach proposal, in the face of a new case, to generate reflections through the resolution of four items, solving these answers under the support of reading the contents of the units 8, 9 and 10, generating proposals for strategies that help appropriating mainly psychosocial support, in relation to those contexts of violence that are affected in one way or another

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de Cundinamarca y Chocó.

Este trabajo se aborda desde una perspectiva psicosocial de como la violencia ha transformado las sociedades en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia. En la primera parte se realiza un análisis del caso de Shimaia, identificando los emergentes psicosociales de la historia, el tipo de violencia, como se lograron afrontar las diferentes adversidades y por último el planteamiento de unas preguntas circulares, reflexivas y estratégicas. Posteriormente, en la segunda parte se aborda del caso de la masacre del Salado, en el que se estudian los emergentes psicosociales del caso, un relato de la vida de la comunidad y los procesos sociohistóricos los impactos, las experiencias de violencia, resiliencia y transformación que vivieron como parte de la historia para finalizar con unas estrategias psicosociales. Y, para terminar, en la tercera y última parte, en el informe analítico, se encuentra una reflexión acerca de la identificación y visibilización de los problemas sociales a través de la fotografía, en los territorios de Fontibón, el Monumento a las Banderas, la fundación infantil, el Municipio de Sutatausa y Quibdó, de cómo el arte, la acción psicosocial y comunitaria se entrelazan para generar un impacto significativo en la sociedad. Así mismo, la resiliencia, la capacidad de adaptación y la búsqueda de formas de construir comunidad son aspectos fundamentales para afrontar situaciones difíciles para superar adversidades en cualquier contexto social, darle voz a quienes han sido marginados y vulnerados, promoviendo la construcción de memorias colectivas más inclusivas y diversas.This work is approached from a psychosocial perspective of how violence has transformed societies in the framework of the armed conflict in Colombia. In the first part, an analysis of the case of Shimaia is carried out, identifying the psychosocial emergents of the story, the type of violence, how they managed to face the different adversities and finally the approach of circular, reflective and strategic questions. Subsequently, in the secondpart, the case of the Salado massacre is addressed, in which the psychosocial emergents of the caseare studied, an account of the life of the community and the socio-historical processes, the impacts,the experiences of violence, resilience and transformation. who lived as part of history to end withsome psychosocial strategies. And finally, in the third and last part, in the analytical report, there is a reflection on the identification and visibility of social problems through photography, in the territories of Fontibón, the Monument to the Flags, the Foundation children, the Municipality of Sutatausa and Quibdó, of how art, psychosocial and community action are intertwined to generate a significant impact on society. Likewise, resilience, the ability to adapt and the search for ways to build community are fundamental aspects to face difficult situations to overcome adversities in any social context, give voice to those who have been marginalized and violated, promoting the construction of collective memories more inclusive and diverse

Resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus aislados en hemocultivos de un hospital de Villa Clara

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus ha desarrollado una marcada resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Este germen es responsable de la mayoría de las infecciones, que van desde leves hasta graves. Se encuentra circulando tanto en ambientes hospitalarios como comunitarios.Objetivo: determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus aislado en los hemocultivos procesados en el Laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital General Docente Mártires del 9 de abril durante el 2022.Método: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. El universo estuvo compuesto por los 75 hemocultivos procesados que resultaron positivos a S. aureus durante el año 2022. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, servicio de procedencia y resistencia antimicrobiana; variable evaluada según la disponibilidad de discos antimicrobianos del hospital. Resultados: el sexo femenino predominó con casos 26 casos (53,1 %) con respecto al masculino que presentó 23 casos (46,9 %), el servicio con mayor incidencia fue nefrología con 18 casos (36,7 %), la penicilina resultó el antimicrobiana al que presentó mayor resistencia Staphylococcus aureus con 46 casos (93,9 %); mientras que el cloranfenicol fue el de mejor sensibilidad con un total de 32 casos (65,3 %).Conclusiones: la incidencia de hemocultivos positivos a Staphylococcus aureus en el año 2022 fue baja. La penicilina destacó por su nula efectividad para tratar a esta bacteria, en contraparte el cloranfenicol mostró una elevada eficiencia para tratar las infecciones asociadas a este germen

Clinical and Laboratory Features in Anti-NF155 Autoimmune Nodopathy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical and laboratory features of antineurofascin-155 (NF155)-positive autoimmune nodopathy (AN). METHODS: Patients with anti-NF155 antibodies detected on routine immunologic testing were included. Clinical characteristics, treatment response, and functional scales (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] and Inflammatory Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale [I-RODS]) were retrospectively collected at baseline and at the follow-up. Autoantibody and neurofilament light (NfL) chain levels were analyzed at baseline and at the follow-up. RESULTS: Forty NF155+ patients with AN were included. Mean age at onset was 42.4 years. Patients presented with a progressive (75%), sensory motor (87.5%), and symmetric distal-predominant weakness in upper (97.2%) and lower extremities (94.5%), with tremor and ataxia (75%). Patients received a median of 3 (2-4) different treatments in 46 months of median follow-up. Response to IV immunoglobulin (86.8%) or steroids (72.2%) was poor in most patients, whereas 77.3% responded to rituximab. HLA-DRB1*15 was detected in 91.3% of patients. IgG4 anti-NF155 antibodies were predominant in all patients; anti-NF155 titers correlated with mRS within the same patient (r = 0.41, p = 0.004). Serum NfL (sNfL) levels were higher in anti-NF155+ AN than in healthy controls (36.47 vs 7.56 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and correlated with anti-NF155 titers (r = 0.43, p = 0.001), with I-RODS at baseline (r = -0.88, p < 0.001) and with maximum I-RODS achieved (r = -0.58, p = 0.01). Anti-NF155 titers and sNfL levels decreased in all rituximab-treated patients. DISCUSSION: Anti-NF155 AN presents a distinct clinical profile and good response to rituximab. Autoantibody titers and sNfL are useful to monitor disease status in these patients. The use of untagged-NF155 plasmids minimizes the detection of false anti-NF155+ cases. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that anti-NF155 antibodies associate with a specific phenotype and response to rituximab

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design

Introduction: We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Methods: Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. Discussion: This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain.The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL, by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country by European Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the The Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489

Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. Methods We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. Findings Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16–36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10−7). Interpretation These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. Funding The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources)

First Results of the 140^{140}Ce(n,γ)141^{141}Ce Cross-Section Measurement at n_TOF

An accurate measurement of the $^{140}$Ce(n,γ) energy-dependent cross-section was performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This cross-section is of great importance because it represents a bottleneck for the s-process nucleosynthesis and determines to a large extent the cerium abundance in stars. The measurement was motivated by the significant difference between the cerium abundance measured in globular clusters and the value predicted by theoretical stellar models. This discrepancy can be ascribed to an overestimation of the $^{140}$Ce capture cross-section due to a lack of accurate nuclear data. For this measurement, we used a sample of cerium oxide enriched in $^{140}$Ce to 99.4%. The experimental apparatus consisted of four deuterated benzene liquid scintillator detectors, which allowed us to overcome the difficulties present in the previous measurements, thanks to their very low neutron sensitivity. The accurate analysis of the p-wave resonances and the calculation of their average parameters are fundamental to improve the evaluation of the $^{140}$Ce Maxwellian-averaged cross-section

First Results of the 140^{140}Ce(n,γ)141^{141}Ce Cross-Section Measurement at n_TOF

An accurate measurement of the $^{140}$Ce(n,γ) energy-dependent cross-section was performed at the n_TOF facility at CERN. This cross-section is of great importance because it represents a bottleneck for the s-process nucleosynthesis and determines to a large extent the cerium abundance in stars. The measurement was motivated by the significant difference between the cerium abundance measured in globular clusters and the value predicted by theoretical stellar models. This discrepancy can be ascribed to an overestimation of the $^{140}$Ce capture cross-section due to a lack of accurate nuclear data. For this measurement, we used a sample of cerium oxide enriched in $^{140}$Ce to 99.4%. The experimental apparatus consisted of four deuterated benzene liquid scintillator detectors, which allowed us to overcome the difficulties present in the previous measurements, thanks to their very low neutron sensitivity. The accurate analysis of the p-wave resonances and the calculation of their average parameters are fundamental to improve the evaluation of the $^{140}$Ce Maxwellian-averaged cross-section