Bond strengths of alginate adhesive

published_or_final_versio

Do dry-heat cured dentures fit better?

Abstract no. 69published_or_final_versio

Impact of Ocean Warming and Ocean Acidification on Larval Development and Calcification in the Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla

Background: As the oceans simultaneously warm, acidify and increase in P-CO2, prospects for marine biota are of concern. Calcifying species may find it difficult to produce their skeleton because ocean acidification decreases calcium carbonate saturation and accompanying hypercapnia suppresses metabolism. However, this may be buffered by enhanced growth and metabolism due to warming.Methodology/Principal Findings: We examined the interactive effects of near-future ocean warming and increased acidification/P-CO2 on larval development in the tropical sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. Larvae were reared in multifactorial experiments in flow-through conditions in all combinations of three temperature and three pH/P-CO2 treatments. Experiments were placed in the setting of projected near future conditions for SE Australia, a global change hot spot. Increased acidity/P-CO2 and decreased carbonate mineral saturation significantly reduced larval growth resulting in decreased skeletal length. Increased temperature (+3 degrees C) stimulated growth, producing significantly bigger larvae across all pH/P-CO2 treatments up to a thermal threshold (+6 degrees C). Increased acidity (-0.3-0.5 pH units) and hypercapnia significantly reduced larval calcification. A +3 degrees C warming diminished the negative effects of acidification and hypercapnia on larval growth.Conclusions and Significance: This study of the effects of ocean warming and CO2 driven acidification on development and calcification of marine invertebrate larvae reared in experimental conditions from the outset of development (fertilization) shows the positive and negative effects of these stressors. In simultaneous exposure to stressors the dwarfing effects of acidification were dominant. Reduction in size of sea urchin larvae in a high P-CO2 ocean would likely impair their performance with negative consequent effects for benthic adult populations

A reappraisal of indirect retention in removable partial dentures with long bilateral distal-extension saddles

When only the six anterior teeth remain, it may appear that indirect retention cannot be achieved because the fulcrum line around which the denture may move when the distal extensions lift away from the mucosa is located behind the retentive tips of the clasps on the abutment teeth. This will be the case when the indirect retainer and the tips of the clasps are on the same level; however, if the tips of the clasps are nearer to the gingival margin than the indirect retainer, indirect retentive effects will be achieved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

An approach to the preclinical teaching of removable partial-denture technique

An account is given of an undergraduate course in removable partial-denture technique which involves teaching in both the clinic and the technology laboratory. A simple phantom head consisting of a modified fixed condylar path articulator is described and its use in teaching the course is discussed. © 1985.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

The orientation of the occlusal plane in Cantonese patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the occlusal plane and the Frankfort plane, and the true horizontal plane and the ala-tragal line in Cantonese patients. Clinically significant variations were found in the relationship between the occlusal plane, and the Frankfort plane and true horizontal plane. The mean orientation of the occlusal plane and the line from the ala to the lower border of the tragus were parallel, but there was a wide variation which suggests that this guideline is unreliable. © 1986.link_to_subscribed_fulltex