Teorização curricular e formação docente: uma aposta em grupos de pesquisa

Looking for in this text to highlight the relevance of curricular theorization to think about teacher training processes and the meanings in dispute, considering studies carried out in our research groups. The work highlights a collective bet in the processes of escape, in the face of regulatory policies that, despite differences, increasingly center the issue of the curriculum from a culture of testing, which has subsumed education to teaching (learning). Defends curriculum as meaning, a perspective that supports different formative processes, which seek to value "the school floor" in an active dynamic in which politics is constituted. In this sense, disagrees that the quality of education necessarily passes through curricular centralization, nor that it is a matter of guarantee. Curricular policies - which in their complexity have been analyzed by us - in a scenario of educational reforms, hybridize disputes that seek to silence teacher action and colonize practices, as well as suggest changes brought about by the different governments, which have been the focus of the discussions in the groups. The argument suggests that the senses are not the same, the contexts and the interpretations are different, which then challenges us to analyze politics in a non-statecentric way. In this sense, escape is always possible, even if conditions do not favor it. Procura-se neste texto destacar a relevância da teorização curricular para pensar os processos de formação docente e os sentidos em disputa, considerando estudos realizados em nossos grupos de pesquisa. O trabalho põe em relevo uma aposta coletiva nos processos de escape, frente às políticas regulatórias que, a despeito das diferenças, cada vez mais centralizam a questão do currículo a partir de uma cultura da testagem, a qual tem subsumido educação a ensino (aprendizagem). Defende-se, diferentemente, o currículo como significação, perspectiva esta que ampara distintos processos formativos, os quais buscam valorizar “o chão da escola” em uma dinâmica ativa na qual a política se constitui. Nesse sentido, discorda que a qualidade da educação passe necessariamente pela centralização curricular, tampouco de que se trata de uma questão de garantia. As políticas curriculares – que em sua complexidade têm sido analisada por nós - em um cenário de reformas educacionais, hibridizam disputas que buscam silenciar a ação docente e colonizar as práticas, bem como sugerem também mudanças provocadas pelos distintos governos, as quais têm ocupado a tônica das discussões nos grupos. A argumentação sugere que os sentidos não são os mesmos, distintos são os contextos e as interpretações, o que interpela a seguir analisando a política de uma maneira não estadocêntrica. Nesse sentido, o escape sempre é possível, ainda que as condições não favoreçam

The role of MIR9-2 in shared susceptibility of psychiatric disorders during childhood : a population-based birth cohort study

Background: It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs; short non-protein-coding RNA molecules that mediate post-transcriptional regulation), including mir-9 and mir-34 families, are important for brain development. Current data suggest that mir-9 and mir-34 may have shared effects across psychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the role of genetic polymorphisms in the MIR9-2 (rs4916723) and MIR34B/C (rs4938723) genes on the susceptibility of psychiatric disorders in children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Methods: Psychiatric disorders were assessed in 3585 individuals using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), criteria through the application of standard semi-structured interviews (using the Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA) at the six-years-of-age follow-up. The outcome was defined as the presence of any mental disorder. We also considered two broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders to further investigate the role of these variants in mental health. Results: We observed an association between rs4916723 (MIR9-2) and the presence of any psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (OR) = 0.820; 95% CI = 0.7130–0.944; p = 0.006) and a suggestive effect on internalizing disorders (OR = 0.830; 95% CI = 0.698–0.987; p = 0.035). rs4938723 (MIR34B/C) was not associated with any evaluated outcome. Conclusion: The study suggests that MIR9-2 may have an important role on a broad susceptibility for psychiatric disorders and may be important mainly for internalization problems

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Precisamos de uma Base Nacional Comum Curricular?

Tensions about curriculum are constantly reiterated, with no displacement of the past resurfacing anachronistically in politics. The meanings are generated through the circularity of contexts and the search for hegemony. The condition of openness of meaning is what constitutes the social and allows us to think of the hybridization of recent curricular policies, which have mobilized a status of inexorable authority with regard to standardization. In this context, we have brought to the table meanings that have become hegemonic on the political scene, such as the requirement of a priori competences and skills for the training of both teachers and students.El estrés en los planes de currículo se repite constantemente, si no hay un cambio en el pasado que resurge de manera anacrónica en las políticas. Los significados son generados a través de la circularidad de los contextos y la búsqueda de la hegemonía. La condición de apertura del significado es lo que constituye lo social y nos permite pensar acerca de la hibridación de las políticas curriculares recientes, las cuales han movilizado un estatus de autoridad inexorable con relación a la estandarización. En este contexto, hemos traído a discusión significados que se han vuelto hegemónico en la arena política, como la exigencia de habilidades y capacidades a priori para la formación de profesores y estudiantes.Les tensions sur les programmes d'enseignement se répètent constamment, n'ayant pas une rupture du passé qui resurgisse anachroniquement. Les sens sont générés par conventions à travers la circularité des contextes et la recherche de l’hégémonie. La condition d'ouverture du sens est ce qui constitue le social et nous permet de penser à l'hybridation récente des politiques curriculaires lesquelles ont généré un statut d'autorité incontestable en matière de standardisation. Nous avons abordé des sens qui sont devenus hégémoniques l'arène politique, comme la demande de compétences et de capacités a priori pour la formation des enseignants et des étudiants.Tensões sobre currículo são constantemente reiteradas, não havendo um deslocamento do passado que ressurge anacronicamente nas políticas. Os sentidos são gerados através da circularidade dos contextos e da busca pela hegemonia. A condição de abertura da significação é o que constitui o social e nos permite pensar na hibridização de políticas curriculares recentes, as quais têm mobilizado um status de autoridade inexorável com relação à padronização. Nesse contexto, trouxemos à baila sentidos que têm se tornados hegemônicos no cenário político, como a exigência de competências e habilidades a priori para a formação de professores e de alunos

The role of MIR9-2 in shared susceptibility of psychiatric disorders during childhood : a population-based birth cohort study

Background: It has been suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs; short non-protein-coding RNA molecules that mediate post-transcriptional regulation), including mir-9 and mir-34 families, are important for brain development. Current data suggest that mir-9 and mir-34 may have shared effects across psychiatric disorders. This study aims to explore the role of genetic polymorphisms in the MIR9-2 (rs4916723) and MIR34B/C (rs4938723) genes on the susceptibility of psychiatric disorders in children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Methods: Psychiatric disorders were assessed in 3585 individuals using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), criteria through the application of standard semi-structured interviews (using the Development and Well-Being Assessment, DAWBA) at the six-years-of-age follow-up. The outcome was defined as the presence of any mental disorder. We also considered two broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders to further investigate the role of these variants in mental health. Results: We observed an association between rs4916723 (MIR9-2) and the presence of any psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (OR) = 0.820; 95% CI = 0.7130–0.944; p = 0.006) and a suggestive effect on internalizing disorders (OR = 0.830; 95% CI = 0.698–0.987; p = 0.035). rs4938723 (MIR34B/C) was not associated with any evaluated outcome. Conclusion: The study suggests that MIR9-2 may have an important role on a broad susceptibility for psychiatric disorders and may be important mainly for internalization problems