36 research outputs found

    La tique dure Amblyomma variegatum (Acari, Ixodidae) à Madagascar : détermination de seuils de température pour la métamorphose de la nymphe gorgée en adulte

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    Depuis les 30 derniĂšres annĂ©es, la tique tropicale Amblyomma variegatum (Acari, Ixodidae) a Ă©tendu sa rĂ©partition sur les Hauts plateaux de Madagascar. Le contrĂŽle des populations d'Amblyomma variegatum et des maladies associĂ©es (cowdriose et dermatophilose) serait plus facile si nous Ă©tions capables de prĂ©dire la rĂ©partition de la tique dans diffĂ©rents environnements. Un modĂšle de dynamique de population du stade nymphal au stade adulte a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour Ă©tudier les effets de la tempĂ©rature sur le dĂ©veloppement de la tique. Des nymphes gorgĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©es dans des cages Ă  6 altitudes diffĂ©rentes et la tempĂ©rature a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e toutes les 15 minutes sur chaque site. Les taux de mĂ©tamorphose de la tique ont Ă©tĂ© modĂ©lisĂ©s selon des temps d'attentes tempĂ©rature-dĂ©pendants, en utilisant les donnĂ©es obtenues sur les Hauts Plateaux de Madagascar. Par une approche bayĂ©sienne et un algorithme de simulation Monte Carlo de chaĂźnes de Markov (MCMC), nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© les paramĂštres seuils de tempĂ©rature dĂ©finissant la mĂ©tamorphose nymphale d'Amblyomma variegatum. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les conditions actuelles de tempĂ©rature Ă  Madagascar sont convenables pour la tique, mĂȘme aux altitudes les plus Ă©levĂ©es auxquelles l'Ă©levage bovin est pratiquĂ© (jusqu'Ă  environ 2000 m), bien qu'elles puissent diminuer le taux de mĂ©tamorphose et probablement augmenter le taux de mortalitĂ©. Toutes les zones d'Ă©levage sont donc maintenant exposĂ©es au risque d'infestation par Amblyomma variegatum, hormis les rĂ©gions les plus arides du sud-ouest malgache. Concernant les paramĂštres contrĂŽlant la mĂ©tamorphose nymphale d'Amblyomma variegatum, la tempĂ©rature de l'air permettant la mĂ©tamorphose a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e Ă  1,0°C (IC 95% = [0,5 ; 1,5]) ; d'autre part, pour que la mĂ©tamorphose puisse se produire, le cumul minimal au-dessus de ce seuil a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  442° Celsius * jours (IC 95% = [428 ; 456]). Des recherches supplĂ©mentaires sur les relations entre la tempĂ©rature et la mĂ©tamorphose des nymphes sont attendues pour que le modĂšle de prĂ©diction puisse Ă©valuer le risque potentiel d'expansion de la tique

    Inferring within-flock transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in France, 2020.

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    Following the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) in France in early December 2020, we used duck mortality data from the index farm to investigate within-flock transmission dynamics. A stochastic epidemic model was fitted to the daily mortality data and model parameters were estimated using an approximate Bayesian computation sequential Monte Carlo (ABC-SMC) algorithm. The model predicted that the first bird in the flock was infected 5 days (95% credible interval, CI: 3-6) prior to the day of suspicion and that the transmission rate was 4.1 new infections per day (95% CI: 2.8-5.8). On average, ducks became infectious 4.1 h (95% CI: 0.7-9.1) after infection and remained infectious for 4.3 days (95% CI: 2.8-5.7). The model also predicted that 34% (50% prediction interval: 8%-76%) of birds would already be infectious by the day of suspicion, emphasizing the substantial latent threat this virus could pose to other poultry farms and to neighbouring wild birds. This study illustrates how mechanistic models can help provide rapid relevant insights that contribute to the management of infectious disease outbreaks of farmed animals. These methods can be applied to future outbreaks and the resulting parameter estimates made available to veterinary services within a few hours

    La tique dure Amblyomma variegatum (Acari, Ixodidae) à Madagascar (détermination de seuils de température pour la métamorphose de la nymphe gorgée en adulte)

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    Depuis les 30 derniĂšres annĂ©es, la tique tropicale Amblyomma variegatum (Acari, Ixodidae) a Ă©tendu sa rĂ©partition sur les Hauts plateaux de Madagascar. Le contrĂŽle des populations d'Amblyomma variegatum et des maladies associĂ©es (cowdriose et dermatophilose) serait plus facile si nous Ă©tions capables de prĂ©dire la rĂ©partition de la tique dans diffĂ©rents environnements. Un modĂšle de dynamique de population du stade nymphal au stade adulte a Ă©tĂ© Ă©laborĂ© pour Ă©tudier les effets de la tempĂ©rature sur le dĂ©veloppement de la tique. Des nymphes gorgĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©es dans des cages Ă  6 altitudes diffĂ©rentes et la tempĂ©rature a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©e toutes les 15 minutes sur chaque site. Les taux de mĂ©tamorphose de la tique ont Ă©tĂ© modĂ©lisĂ©s selon des temps d'attentes tempĂ©rature-dĂ©pendants, en utilisant les donnĂ©es obtenues sur les Hauts Plateaux de Madagascar. Par une approche bayĂ©sienne et un algorithme de simulation Monte Carlo de chaĂźnes de Markov (MCMC), nous avons dĂ©terminĂ© les paramĂštres seuils de tempĂ©rature dĂ©finissant la mĂ©tamorphose nymphale d'Amblyomma variegatum. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les conditions actuelles de tempĂ©rature Ă  Madagascar sont convenables pour la tique, mĂȘme aux altitudes les plus Ă©levĂ©es auxquelles l'Ă©levage bovin est pratiquĂ© (jusqu'Ă  environ 2000 m), bien qu'elles puissent diminuer le taux de mĂ©tamorphose et probablement augmenter le taux de mortalitĂ©. Toutes les zones d'Ă©levage sont donc maintenant exposĂ©es au risque d'infestation par Amblyomma variegatum, hormis les rĂ©gions les plus arides du sud-ouest malgache. Concernant les paramĂštres contrĂŽlant la mĂ©tamorphose nymphale d'Amblyomma variegatum, la tempĂ©rature de l'air permettant la mĂ©tamorphose a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e Ă  1,0C (IC 95% = [0,5 ; 1,5]) ; d'autre part, pour que la mĂ©tamorphose puisse se produire, le cumul minimal au-dessus de ce seuil a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ© Ă  442 Celsius * jours (IC 95% = [428 ; 456]). Des recherches supplĂ©mentaires sur les relations entre la tempĂ©rature et la mĂ©tamorphose des nymphes sont attendues pour que le modĂšle de prĂ©diction puisse Ă©valuer le risque potentiel d'expansion de la tique.TOULOUSE-EN VĂ©tĂ©rinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The percentage of indication of clinical signs suggestive of ASF by the farmers who indicated that they did not know the clinical signs (<i>n</i> = 36, dark grey) and the farmers who claimed to know the clinical signs (<i>n</i> = 73, light grey).

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    <p>The percentage of indication of clinical signs suggestive of ASF by the farmers who indicated that they did not know the clinical signs (<i>n</i> = 36, dark grey) and the farmers who claimed to know the clinical signs (<i>n</i> = 73, light grey).</p

    Duck production systems and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in France, 2016–2017

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    In winter 2016–2017, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus spread across Europe, causing unprecedented epizootics. France was massively affected, resulting in the culling of over 6 million poultry. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models were used to quantify the association between spatial risk factors and HPAI H5N8 infection in poultry holdings and to generate predictive maps for HPAI infection. Three datasets were combined to build the model: a dataset of the reported outbreaks in poultry, a dataset of the poultry holdings where the virus has not been reported and a set of relevant spatial risk factors, including poultry production and trade, and water bird habitat. Results identified key associations between the ‘foie gras’ production systems and HPAI H5N8 risk of occurrence and indicate that strengthening surveillance of fattening duck production systems and making the transportation of fattening ducks more secure would be key priority options for HPAI prevention and control.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

    Risk factor variables statistically significantly associated with the outcome variable “I would immediately report ASF if I suspected ASF on my farm” in the multivariable analysis (p < 0.05).

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    <p>Risk factor variables statistically significantly associated with the outcome variable “I would immediately report ASF if I suspected ASF on my farm” in the multivariable analysis (p < 0.05).</p

    Inferring within-herd transmission parameters for African swine fever virus using mortality data from outbreaks in the Russian Federation

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    Mortality data are routinely collected for many livestock and poultry species, and they are often used for epidemiological purposes, including estimating transmission parameters. In this study, we infer transmission rates for African swine fever virus (ASFV), an important transboundary disease of swine, using mortality data collected from nine pig herds in the Russian Federation with confirmed outbreaks of ASFV. Parameters in a stochastic model for the transmission of ASFV within a herd were estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Estimates for the basic reproduction number varied amongst herds, ranging from 4.4 to 17.3. This was primarily a consequence of differences in transmission rate (range: 0.7–2.2), but also differences in the mean infectious period (range: 4.5–8.3 days). We also found differences amongst herds in the mean latent period (range: 5.8–9.7 days). Furthermore, our results suggest that ASFV could be circulating in a herd for several weeks before a substantial increase in mortality is observed in a herd, limiting the usefulness of mortality data as a means of early detection of an outbreak. However, our results also show that mortality data are a potential source of data from which to infer transmission parameters, at least for diseases which cause high mortality.ISSN:1865-1674ISSN:1865-168
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