Atividades físicas de lazer e transtornos mentais comuns em jovens de Feira de Santana, Bahia Leisure physical activities and common mental disorders among young people in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: Os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) são transtornos comumente encontrados na população e resultam do estilo de vida moderno. As atividades físicas de lazer podem diminuir as tensões, evitando esses transtornos. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de TMCs em jovens que participam ou não de atividades físicas de lazer em Feira de Santana (BA). MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico, de corte transversal, incluindo 3.597 indivíduos, entre os quais 1.400 jovens com idade entre 15 e 29 anos, residentes na zona urbana de Feira de Santana. As atividades físicas de lazer foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário estruturado que abordou frequência, tipo, motivo e esforço envolvido em cada atividade. O Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) foi utilizado para avaliar os TMCs. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TMC foi de 19,2% entre os adolescentes-jovens (15-17 anos), 26,6% entre os jovens-jovens (18-24 anos) e 27,8% entre os jovens-adultos (25-29 anos). Quanto à avaliação das atividades de lazer, 89,9% disseram que mantinham algum tipo de atividade, porém percebeu-se uma diminuição da prática de atividades físicas de lazer com o avançar da idade. Ao analisar a relação entre atividades físicas de lazer e TMC, foi verificada associação negativa (razão de prevalência: 0,59, intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,51-0,67). CONCLUSÃO: Nos programas de atenção a saúde devem ser incluídas ações que favoreçam a prática de atividades físicas de lazer, tendo em vista a contribuição do comportamento ativo na melhoria da saúde mental.<br>INTRODUCTION: Common mental disorders (CMD) are disorders commonly found in the population. They are a consequence of modern lifestyle. Leisure physical activities can reduce tension and therefore help prevent CMDs. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of CMDs among youths who engage and those who do not engage in leisure physical activities in Feira de Santana (BA), Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was conducted with 3,597 individuals, including 1,400 young people aged 15-29 years, living in the urban area of Feira de Santana. Leisure physical activities were assessed using a structured questionnaire covering the frequency, type, reason and effort involved in each activity. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess CMDs. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD was 19.2% among adolescents (15-17 years old), 26.6% among youths (18-24 years), and 27.8% among young adults (25-29 years). In the assessment of leisure activities, 89.9% of the youths reported to regularly engage in some kind of activity; however, engagement in leisure physical activities was observed to reduce with age. A negative association was found between leisure physical activities and CMD (prevalence ratio: 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.67). CONCLUSION: Healthcare programs should include actions that encourage leisure physical activities, in view of the contribution of active behavior toward improving mental health

Genomic surveillance of Yellow Fever Virus Epizootic in São Paulo, Brazil, 2016 - 2018

Paulo, a densely inhabited state in southeast Brazil that contains the fourth most populated city in the world, recently experienced its largest yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreak in decades. YFV does not normally circulate extensively in S&#xE3;o Paulo, so most people were unvaccinated when the outbreak began. Surveillance in non-human primates (NHPs) is important for determining the magnitude and geographic extent of an epizootic, thereby helping to evaluate the risk of YFV spillover to humans. Data from infected NHPs can give more accurate insights into YFV spread than when using data from human cases alone. To contextualise human cases, identify epizootic foci and uncover the rate and direction of YFV spread in S&#xE3;o Paulo, we generated and analysed virus genomic data and epizootic case data from NHPs in S&#xE3;o Paulo. We report the occurrence of three spatiotemporally distinct phases of the outbreak in S&#xE3;o Paulo prior to February 2018. We generated 51 new virus genomes from YFV positive cases identified in 23 different municipalities in S&#xE3;o Paulo, mostly sampled from NHPs between October 2016 and January 2018. Although we observe substantial heterogeneity in lineage dispersal velocities between phylogenetic branches, continuous phylogeographic analyses of generated YFV genomes suggest that YFV lineages spread in S&#xE3;o Paulo at a mean rate of approximately 1km per day during all phases of the outbreak. Viral lineages from the first epizootic phase in northern S&#xE3;o Paulo subsequently dispersed towards the south of the state to cause the second and third epizootic phases there. This alters our understanding of how YFV was introduced into the densely populated south of S&#xE3;o Paulo state. Our results shed light on the sylvatic transmission of YFV in highly fragmented forested regions in S&#xE3;o Paulo state and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in sentinel species