Caffeine Use: Association with Nicotine Use, Aggression, and Other Psychopathology in Psychiatric and Pediatric Outpatient Adolescents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine use, other drug use, and psychopathology in adolescents, using self-report measures. The study group consisted of 132 adolescents (average age 14.01 ± 2.06 years, 52% female, 19% African American, 5% other categories, 76% Caucasian). Most (47%) were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic with emphasis on youth with disruptive disorders, with 35% from an adolescent pediatric clinic with emphasis on prevention of risk-taking behavior and 18% from a pediatric clinic for families with limited resources. Subjects were consecutively recruited before or after regular clinic visits. Consent was obtained from parents and assent from the youth. High caffeine consumption was associated with daily cigarette use; aggressive behavior; conduct, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and social problems; and increased somatic complaints in adolescents

Caffeine Use: Association with Nicotine Use, Aggression, and Other Psychopathology in Psychiatric and Pediatric Outpatient Adolescents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine use, other drug use, and psychopathology in adolescents, using self-report measures. The study group consisted of 132 adolescents (average age 14.01 ± 2.06 years, 52% female, 19% African American, 5% other categories, 76% Caucasian). Most (47%) were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic with emphasis on youth with disruptive disorders, with 35% from an adolescent pediatric clinic with emphasis on prevention of risk-taking behavior and 18% from a pediatric clinic for families with limited resources. Subjects were consecutively recruited before or after regular clinic visits. Consent was obtained from parents and assent from the youth. High caffeine consumption was associated with daily cigarette use; aggressive behavior; conduct, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and social problems; and increased somatic complaints in adolescents

POTENTIALLY MODIFIABLE METABOLIC FACTORS AND THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS IN URBAN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH DIABETES

https://www.ethndis.org/priorarchives/ethn-16-04-852.pd

Common Reasons for Hospitalization in Urban Diabetes Patients

Objectives: Determine principal reasons for hospitalization in a predominantly urban, African American diabetes patient population. Design: Data for outpatients with a diagnosis of diabetes were abstracted from electronic records. The number of hospitalizations from 1998 through 2001 was determined after linking our dataset with a statewide discharge dataset. Principal diagnoses were grouped into 18 multilevel diagnostic classes using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Clinical Classifications Software. Patients: A total of 6505 unique patients had 20,344 discharges from 1998 through 2001; 92% were listed as African Americans and 61% as women. Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of each multilevel diagnostic class and the most commonly occurring diagnoses. Results: The most common multilevel diagnostic classes were ‘‘diseases of the circulatory system’’ (29.0% of all discharges) and ‘‘endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic; immunity disorders’’ (17.1%). The five most commonly occurring unique diagnoses were ‘‘congestive heart failure,’’ ‘‘diabetes with ketoacidosis or uncontrolled diabetes,’’ ‘‘coronary atherosclerosis,’’ ‘‘diabetes with other manifestations,’’ and ‘‘pneumonia, organism unspecified.’’ Nearly 16% of all discharged patients had diagnoses related to infection. The five most frequent diagnoses related to infection were ‘‘pneumonia, organism unspecified,’’ ‘‘urinary tract infection, site not specified,’’ ‘‘infection and inflammation, internal prosthetic device,’’ ‘‘cellulitis and abscess of leg,’’ and ‘‘postoperative infection.’’ Conclusions: In this predominantly urban, African American diabetes patient population, potentially preventable hospitalizations involving diseases such as congestive heart failure and diabetes occur with high frequency. Better understanding of the risk factors underlying these hospitalizations—particularly those involving modifiable metabolic variables—requires further investigation

Caffeine Use: Association with Nicotine Use, Aggression, and Other Psychopathology in Psychiatric and Pediatric Outpatient Adolescents

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine use, other drug use, and psychopathology in adolescents, using self-report measures. The study group consisted of 132 adolescents (average age 14.01 ± 2.06 years, 52% female, 19% African American, 5% other categories, 76% Caucasian). Most (47%) were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic with emphasis on youth with disruptive disorders, with 35% from an adolescent pediatric clinic with emphasis on prevention of risk-taking behavior and 18% from a pediatric clinic for families with limited resources. Subjects were consecutively recruited before or after regular clinic visits. Consent was obtained from parents and assent from the youth. High caffeine consumption was associated with daily cigarette use; aggressive behavior; conduct, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and social problems; and increased somatic complaints in adolescents

POOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL INCREASES RISK OF HOSPITALIZATION IN URBAN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH DIABETES

Objective: Hospitalizations due to diabetes are more frequent among African Americans, but risk factors are not known. We analyzed data from an urban African American patient population to identify variables associated with hospitalizations attributable principally to diabetes. Design: Demographic, disease, and metabolic characteristics on patients seen in an outpatient diabetes clinic during 1991 to 1997 were extracted from an electronic patient tracking system. Data were linked to a statewide hospital discharge dataset to capture all in-state hospitalizations from 1998 to 2001. Persons who required a hospitalization for diabetes were compared to the remainder of individuals in the database. Results: A total of 3397 diabetes patients (average age 56 years; 65% women; 92% African American) were included in the analysis; 12% had a hospitalization primarily due to diabetes. Persons with a diabetes hospitalization were younger and had diabetes longer, and fewer were women. In addition, persons who had a diabetes-related hospitalization had evidence of poorer glycemic control with higher hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels. Both the absolute change and rate of decline in HbA1C was less in persons who were hospitalized. In adjusted analyses, duration of diabetes and HbA1C remained significantly associated with risk of a diabetes hospitalization. Conclusions: In this predominantly African American patient sample with diabetes, poorer glycemic control increased the chances of hospitalization due to diabetes. Continued efforts to aggressively control hyperglycemia could decrease the need for a diabetes hospitalization in this population

Caffeine use: association with nicotine use, aggression, and other psychopathology in psychiatric and pediatric outpatient adolescents.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between caffeine use, other drug use, and psychopathology in adolescents, using self-report measures. The study group consisted of 132 adolescents (average age 14.01 +/- 2.06 years, 52% female, 19% African American, 5% other categories, 76% Caucasian). Most (47%) were recruited from a child psychiatry clinic with emphasis on youth with disruptive disorders, with 35% from an adolescent pediatric clinic with emphasis on prevention of risk-taking behavior and 18% from a pediatric clinic for families with limited resources. Subjects were consecutively recruited before or after regular clinic visits. Consent was obtained from parents and assent from the youth. High caffeine consumption was associated with daily cigarette use; aggressive behavior; conduct, attention deficit/hyperactivity, and social problems; and increased somatic complaints in adolescents

Disparities in Diabetes-Related Hospitalizations: Relationship of Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity with Hospital Discharges, Lengths of Stay, and Direct inpatient Charges

Objective: To identify any differences in hospitalization rates of diabetes patients by age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Design: A cross-sectional study of Georgia hospital discharge data between 1998 and 2001. Patients/Participants: Patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of diabetes. Main Outcome Measures: Adjusted hospitalization data (discharge rates, length of stay, direct charges) reported as standardized rates per 10,000 person-years, standardized rate differences, and standardized rate ratios, compared by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: Diabetes was the principal diagnosis in 50,301 discharges (average age, 51 years; length of stay, 5.1 days; median total charge, $5893). Persons$60 years old had higher discharge rates, longer stays, and higher charges than persons 18–29 years old. Women had fewer hospitalizations, shorter stays, and lower charges than men. Non-Hispanic Blacks had more than three times as many hospitalizations, markedly longer stays, and higher charges than non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics with diabetes had lower hospitalization rates, shorter stays, and lower charges than Whites. Conclusions: Differences by age, sex, and race/ethnicity in hospital discharge rates, lengths of stay, and charges exist for diabetes inpatients. Further study should examine potential causes (severity of disease, comorbidity, and differential access to preventive care) of these disparities