Methodology for the characterization of the humidity behavior inside CPV modules

In this study the characterization of the humidity behavior inside concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) modules is addressed. To this purpose, several experimental tests have been carried out by using two different CPV modules and three different breathers, collecting in each analyzed case the evolution of temperature, relative and specific humidity of the air volume contained inside the module for many days. Results indicates that, for each of the CPV modules analyzed, it is possible to construct a characteristic curve in the temperature-specific humidity psychrometric chart, that can be used for estimating the specific humidity of the air inside the CPV module as a function of the internal air temperature. The characteristic curve can be also used to estimate the saturation temperature of the air inside the CPV module, and consequently to detect the eventuality of moisture condensation during cloudy days or night-time, namely when the temperature of the air inside the module is low and reaches the external ambient one. This methodology can be used in CPV modules design for the choice of the breather and of the construction materials, in order to obtain a saturation temperature as low as possible

Parkinson's disease: autoimmunity and neuroinflammation

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The resulting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia leads to a movement disorder that is characterized by classical parkinsonian motor symptoms. Parkinson's disease is recognized as the most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. PD ethiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated and has been connected to genetic, environmental and immunologic conditions. The past decade has provided evidence for a significant role of the immune system in PD pathogenesis, either through inflammation or an autoimmune response. Several autoantibodies directed at antigens associated with PD pathogenesis have been identified in PD patients. This immune activation may be the cause of, rather than a response to, the observed neuronal loss. Parkinsonian motor symptoms include bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and resting tremor. The non-motor features include olfactory dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction. Microscopically, the specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies, which are brain deposits containing a substantial amount of α-synuclein, have been recognized. The progression of Parkinson's disease is characterized by a worsening of motor features; however, as the disease progresses, there is an emergence of complications related to long-term symptomatic treatment. The available therapies for Parkinson's disease only treat the symptoms of the disease. A major goal of Parkinson's disease research is the development of disease-modifying drugs that slow or stop the neurodegenerative process. Drugs that enhance the intracerebral dopamine concentrations or stimulate dopamine receptors remain the mainstay treatment for motor symptoms. Immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies aiming to attenuate PD neurodegeneration have become an attractive option and warrant further investigation

A replacement consideration in conductor economics

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Bibliography: leaves 100-101.Not availabl

Combate ao ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 em algodão, com defensivos químicos

Performance of some pesticides on the control of the two-spotted spider mite on cotton was evaluated by means of a test carried out in Leme, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The following treatments and quantities of active ingredients per hectare were sprayed: A) check; B) dicofol, 369.6g; C) dicofol, 739.2g; D) propargite, 1080g; E) silaneofane, 200g; F) bifenthrin, 60g; G) abamectin, 7.2g. Six evaluations were made on leaves using stereo microscopes: 02 days before spraying and 03, 06, 12, 16 and 21 days after the application. Results obtained with propargite were relatively good 03, 06 and 12 days after spraying, whereas bifenthrin and abamectin were only effective six days after the application.Com o objetivo de se verificar a ação de vários defensivos agrícolas contra o ácaro rajado do algodão, um campo experimental foi instalado. Os tratamentos e suas quantidades de ingredientes ativos, por hectare, foram: A) testemunha; B) dicofol, 369,6g; C) dicofol, 739,2g; D) propargite, 1.080g; E) silaneofane, 200g; F) bifentrina, 60g; G) abamectina, 7,2g. Resultados ótimos não foram obtidos com nenhum tratamento: todavia, o propargite mostrou resultados relativamente bons após 03, 06 e 12 dias da pulverização e a bifentrina e abamectina somente aos 06 dias

Implementation and Real-Time Validation of a European Remain Well Clear Function for Unmanned Vehicles

The full integration of Remotely Piloted unmanned vehicles into civil airspace requires first and foremost the integration of a traffic Detect and Avoid (DAA) system into the vehicle. The DAA system supports remote pilots in performing their task of remaining Well Clear from other aircraft and avoiding collisions. Several studies related to the design of a Remain Well Clear function have been performed that served as input for the development of technical standards applicable to non-European countries. In this paper, a Remain Well Clear implementation is proposed that, using the results of past international projects, fits European airspace needs and specificities and can be acceptable to both remote pilots and air traffic controllers, with only minimal impact on the standard operating procedures used for manned aircraft. The proposed Remain Well Clear software has been successfully validated through real-time simulations with pilots and controllers in the loop considering traffic encounters and mission scenarios typically found in European airspace. The achieved results highlight the appropriate situational awareness provided by the proposed RWC function and its effective support to the remote pilot in making adequate decisions in conflict solving. Real-time simulation tests showed that, in almost all cases, an RWC maneuver is successfully performed, giving the RP sufficient time to assess the conflict, coordinate with the controller, if needed, and execute the maneuver. The fundamental role of the proposed RWC function has been especially evident in uncontrolled airspace classes where the controller does not provide any separation provision. Moreover, its effectiveness has also been tested in encounters with aircraft flying under visual flight rules in controlled airspace, where the controller is not informed or has less information regarding these aircraft. The results from validation tests imply two key potential safety benefits, namely: the mitigation of performing a collision avoidance maneuver and the prevention of potential conflict while not disrupting the traffic flow with possible further consequences of generating other potentially hazardous situations

Burst strength of BIOLOX\uaedelta femoral heads and its dependence on low-temperature environmental degradation

Zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) currently represents the bioceramic gold standard for load-bearing components in artificial hip joints. ZTA is long known for its high flexural strength and fracture toughness, both properties arising from a microscopic crack-tip shielding mechanism due to the stress-induced tetragonal-to-monoclinic (t\u2192m) polymorphic transformation of zirconia. However, there have been concerns over the years regarding the long-term structural performance of ZTA since the t\u2192m transformation also spontaneously occurs at the material's surface under low-temperature environmental conditions with a concomitant degradation of mechanical properties. Spontaneous surface degradation has been extensively studied in vitro, but predictive algorithms have underestimated the extent of in vivo degradation observed in retrievals. The present research focused on burst-strength assessments of 828 mm ZTA femoral before and after long-term in vitro hydrothermal ageing according to ISO 7206-10. An average burst strength of 52 kN was measured for pristine femoral heads. This value was 3c36% lower than results obtained under the same standard conditions by other authors. A further loss of burst strength 3c13% in ultimate load) was observed after hydrothermal ageing, with increased surface monoclinic content ranging from 3c6% to >50%. Nevertheless, the repetitively stressed and hydrothermally treated ZTA heads exceeded the minimum burst strength stipulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) despite severe test conditions. Lastly, Raman spectroscopic assessments of phase transformation and residual stresses on the fracture surface of the femoral heads were used to clarify burst-strength fluctuations and the effect of hydrothermal ageing on the material's overall strength degradation

Controle da cochonilha (Orthezia praelonga Douglas, 1891) em laranjeira, com inseticidas granulados

Com o objetivo de se avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas granulados no controle da Orthezia praelonga em laranjeiras, foram empregados o aldicarbe 15% e o imidaclopride 5%, aplicados ao solo. Os tratamentos foram seis, com quatro repetições: A) testemunha; B) aldicarbe, 100g/pl; C) aldicarbe, 65g/pl; D) imidaclopride, 100g/pl; E) aldicarbe, 130g/pl; F) imidaclopride, 75g/pl. Foram feitas seis avaliações: uma prévia e outras cinco após 07, 20, 34, 49 e 70 dias da aplicação. Os melhores tratamentos foram: aldicarbe 100g/pl e aldicarbe, 130g/pl, aos 49 e 70 dias, respectivamente.The experiment was carried out on adult orange-trees in the county of Limeira, SP, Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of insecticide granules with 15% aldicarb and 5% imidadoprid, applied to the soil, to control the citrus coccid Orthezia praelonga Douglas, 1891. Treatments were six: A) check; B) aldicarb, 100g/pl; C) aldicarb, 65g/pl; D) imidacloprid 100g/pl; E) aldicarb, 130g/pl; F) imidacloprid, 75g/pl of commercial insecticide granules. Six evaluations were made, one previous and other five 07, 20, 34, 49 and 70 days after application. The most efficient treatments were E and B at 49 and 70 days, respectively

Chemical control of the leprosis mite Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geuskes, 1939) in citrus

A field test was carried out to evaluate the performance of several pesticides for the control of the citrus leprosis mite Brevipalpus phoenicis. The treatments were as follows: A) propargite (0.05; 72% EC) + sulphur (1,0; 75% CS); B) peropal (0.1 kg 25% MP); C) quinomethionate (0.05 kg 70% MP) (standard treatment); D) dicofol + tetradifon (0.2; (16% + 6%) EC; E) propargite (0.075; 72% EC); F) check. The quantities of the products employed in the experiment were based on the commercial formulations for 100 liters of water. Each orange-tree received a single application of ten liters of spray. Five mite evaluations were made: 4 days before spray and 16, 31, 45 and 60 days after the application. All treatments resulted in real pest reduction, higher than 80%, except for A (16 days after the spray) and for treatment C (60 days after the application).Com o objetivo de combater o ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes), transmissor do vírus da leprose, foi estudada a eficiência de diferentes defensivos químicos. Os tratamentos foram seis, cada um com quatro repetições. A) propargite (0,05; CE 72%) + enxofre (1,0; SC 75%); B) peropal (0,1 kg PM 25%); C) quinometionato (0,05 kg PM 70%) (padrão); D) dicofol + tetradifom (0,2; CE 16% + 6%); E) propargite (0,075; CE 72%); F) testemunha. Cada laranjeira recebeu dez litros de calda numa única aplicação; usou-se o espalhante-adesivo "Extravon", à razão de 20 cm³/l00 litros de calda. Foram feitas cinco avaliações de infestações de ácaro: uma 4 dias antes da aplicação e outras após 16, 31, 45 e 60 dias da pulverização. Com exceção dos tratamentos propargite + enxofre (aos 16 dias) e quinometionato (aos 60 dias), todos os produtos apresentaram porcentagem de redução real da praga acima de 80% nas diferentes épocas de avaliação

Fibroma ossificante dei seni paranasali: diagnosi e management

Le lesioni fibro-ossee benigne raramente colpiscono i seni paranasali e sono suddivise in 3 entità: osteoma, displasia fibrosa e fibroma ossificante. Questi presentano simili caratteristiche cliniche, radiologiche e istologiche ma hanno un comportamento diverso. Il fibroma ossificante, in particolare la variante istologica giovanile, può presentare un comportamento aggressivo con un alto rischio di recidiva se rimosso in modo incompleto. Lo scopo dello studio è quello di paragonare il comportamento clinico del fibroma ossificante con quello delle altre lesioni fibro-ossee; di evidenziare un eventuale comportamento differente tra i vari sottotipi istologici; di descrivere i vantaggi, i limiti e i risultati della chirurgia endoscopica endonasale rispetto ai dati presenti in letteratura. Abbiamo analizzato retrospettivamente 11 pazienti affetti da fibroma ossificante naso-sinusale e trattati in un centro ospedaliero di terzo livello. Tutti i pazienti sono stati sottoposti a TC. La RM è stata eseguita in caso di coinvolgimento del basicranio o in caso di recidiva. Una biopsia pre-operatoria è stata effettuata nei casi in cui la massa era raggiungibile per via endoscopica. Un paziente è stato sottoposto a embolizzazione pre-operatoria ed ha riportato una cecità monolaterale al termine della procedure. In base alla localizzazione, l’exeresi del tumore è stata eseguita con un approccio endoscopico (7 pazienti), esterno (3), combinato (1). Istologicamente 5 pazienti hanno riportato un sottotipo convenzionale, 5 la variante giovanile psammomatoide associata in un caso a cisti aneurismatica ossea, e un paziente la variante giovanile trabecolare. Tre pazienti affetti dalla variante istologica giovanile psammomatoide hanno presentato un’invasione del basicranio e sono stati sottoposti ad exeresi subtotale per via endoscopica che ha richiesto in seguito, a causa di un aumento di volume del residuo, un secondo intervento per via transbasale. I reperti clinici, radiologici e istologici dovrebbero essere considerati insieme per una accurata diagnosi differenziale tra le lesioni fibro-ossee. Ulteriori studi sono necessari per concludere se la localizzazione e l’estensione del fibroma ossificante al momento della diagnosi sono più importanti della variante istologica. L’approccio endoscopico è la prima opzione nella maggior parte dei casi anche se in alcuni selezionati pazienti l’approccio esterno risulta ancora necessario