Des malentendus à (bien) interpréter

La traduction, considérée par plusieurs auteurs comme paradigmatique pour l’entreprise anthropologique, est aussi une pratique habituelle sur le « terrain », où les malentendus, et ce qui peut être interprété comme une manipulation volontaire, peuvent ensuite s’avérer des clés pour la vérification des résultats de la recherche et, plus généralement, des instruments de compréhension. C’est dans cette perspective que l’auteure réexamine la transcription d’un entretien s’étant déroulé en 1992, au début de sa recherche dans le Bélédougou (Mali), en mettant en contraste le dialogue en français entre elle et l’interprète bambara avec sa traduction française du dialogue, en langue bamanan, entre l’interprète et la guérisseuse interviewée, une jinètigi (prêtresse du culte des jinè).Often regarded as paradigmatic of anthropological knowledge, translation is an ordinary practice in fieldwork, where different types of misunderstanding and even what could be interpreted as voluntary manipulation may, however, prove to be precious insights into understanding. In that light, the author re-examines the transcription of a conversation held in 1992 in Bamana and French languages, contrasting her translation of Bamana sentences with the translation formulated by the interpreter

Tempi diseguali. Coevità e contemporaneità in arte

The author, an anthropologist, argues that ethnically-marked contemporary art (such as African, Aboriginal, or Native contemporary art) is included in the contemporary in the form of Agamben’s exception: i.e., according to the logic of exclusive inclusion, which mirrors what Dumont defined as «l’englobement du contraire» in his notion of hierarchical oppositions. By examining some recent examples, the author contends that a systematic «denial of coevalness» (Fabian), mostly achieved by applying certain categorial pairs respectively to unmarked/marked contemporary art, is still operating in current curatorial discourse. This type of discourse surreptitiously reaffirms the cultural difference of ethnically-marked contemporary art, and of artists creating it, precisely in praising the “disjunctive” and “different time” of such art as a marker of its contemporaneity. The article ends with a plea for a critical reassessment of the dichotomies qualifying the anthropological dualism we/others within the dominant historical-artistic paradigm, advocating for the existence of different coeval aesthetics, not solely pertaining to what, for us, is art

Tubabukalan, morikalan, donniya: studio, conoscenza e follia in contesto bambara: un confronto tra saperi

Dottorato di ricerca in antropologia culturale, etnologia, tradizioni popolari. 6. ciclo. Tutore M. Pavanello. Coordinatore G. MusioConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Una macchina per fabbricare l’etnocentrismo: osservazioni critiche sul “sistema arte/cultura” di James Clifford

Sono passati quasi venti anni da quando James Clifford presentò il diagramma del sistema arte cultura come “macchina per fabbricare l’autenticità” in pagine giustamente famose e ormai ritualmente citate

Polymorphic Genetic Markers of the GABA Catabolism Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease

The compilation of a list of genetic modifiers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an open research field. The GABAergic system is affected in several neurological disorders but its role in AD is largely understudied

Figures du malentendu

« C’est un malentendu ... ». Par cette formule s’opère le constat d’un trouble dans la communication et s’exprime en même temps le souhait de ne pas voir la situation dégénérer en un conflit plus sérieux. Mot de paix mais aussi de pouvoir – il faut être ‘quelqu’un’ pour oser qualifier en ces termes la parole de l’autre –, chaque auteur en a sa définition, allant d’un constat tragi-comique à l’affirmation optimiste du caractère heuristique du malentendu sur le terrain ethnographique. Le terrain est en effet le lieu où les malentendus et les mécompréhensions (misunderstandings) abondent, pouvant susciter l’angoisse mais pouvant aussi mener à de nouvelles voies d’approche, à des formulations différentes, ou à un rire libérateur

contemporaneo

A partire dagli anni Ottanta del secolo scorso assistiamo a una radicale trasformazione della produzione artistica e della riflessione teorica. Le arti, la critica, l’estetica, così come i diversi ambiti di ricerca, non possono non registrare i mutamenti politici, economici e sociali che hanno segnato la cultura occidentale. L’esito di questa trasformazione, tuttora in corso, è un’eterogeneità che fatica a trovare un nuovo quadro di riferimento e che richiede la messa a punto di strumenti di indagine adeguati alle sfide della contemporaneità. I saggi raccolti in questo volume provano a ripensare l’orizzonte teorico e artistico degli ultimi trent’anni, rivolgendo una particolare attenzione ad alcuni momenti dell’arte, dell’architettura e della musica

SSADH deficiency in an Italian family: a novel ALDH5A1 gene mutation affecting the succinic semialdehyde substrate binding site

SSADH deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder. It is associated with mutations of ALDH5A1 gene, coding for the homotetrameric enzyme SSADH. This enzyme is involved in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) catabolism, since it oxidizes succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to succinate. Mutations in ALDH5A1 gene result in the abnormal accumulation of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is pathognomonic of SSADHD. In the present report, diagnosis of SSADHD in a three-month-old female was achieved by detection of high levels of GHB in urine. Sequence analysis of ALDH5A1 gene showed that the patient was a compound heterozygote for c.1226G > A (p.G409D) and the novel missense mutation, c.1498G > C (p.V500 L). By ALDH5A1 gene expression in transiently transfected HEK293 cells and enzyme activity assays, we demonstrate that the p.V500 L mutation, despite being conservative, produces complete loss of enzyme activity. In silico protein modelling analysis and evaluation of tetramer destabilizing energies suggest that structural impairment and partial occlusion of the access channel to the active site affect enzyme activity. These findings add further knowledge on the missense mutations associated with SSADHD and the molecular mechanisms underlying the loss of the enzyme activity