Recently discovered moroccan chronicles in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

Abstract The lack of available sources has often made the study of the history of Morocco, and especially of the city of Fez, during the 17/10 and 18/11 centuries a difficult task. This article brings to attention two Moroccan manuscripts from the 18/11 century discovered recently in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. One is a new version of Muhammad al-Qàdirï's «Nashr al-mâthanî»; the other is a copy of Ibn Ibrahim al-DukkalTs « Historical Notes» ( TaqâyTd tirikkiyya ) — the only copy of this work now accessible in a public library. These two chronicles have not been used by modern historians, although they are perhaps the best sources for early 'Alawi period. They are informative on the city of Fez, and will provide the basis for a projected historical study of this city in the 18/11 century by the author.Résumé L'insuffisance des sources disponibles a souvent fait de l'étude de l'histoire du Maroc, et plus spécialement de celle de la ville de Fez, durant les 17/10ème et 18/11 ème siècles, une tâche pénible. Cet article attire l'attention sur deux manuscrits marocains du 18/11ème siècle récemment découverts à la Bodleian Library d'Oxford. L'un d'eux est une version nouvelle de Nashr al-mathâni de Muhammad al-Qâdiri; l'autre est une copie des «Notes Historiques» — Taqâyid târîkhiyyade Ibn Ibrâhïm al-Dukkâli — l'unique copie de ce travail actuellement accessible dans une bibliothèque publique. Ces deux chroniques n'ont pas été utilisées par les historiens modernes, bien qu'elles soient peut-être les meilleures sources d'information en ce qui concerne les débuts de la période Alawite. Particulièrement instructives sur la ville de Fez, elles fourniront à l'auteur de cet article les éléments d'une étude historique qu'il projette d'entreprendre sur la ville de Fez au 18/11ème siècle.Cigar Norman L. Recently discovered moroccan chronicles in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.. In: Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, n°24, 1977. pp. 111-123

Indictment at the Hague: The Milosevic Regime and Crimes of the Balkan Wars

The trial of Slobodan Milosevic represents a singular moment in modern history. For the first time a former head of state must answer charges before an International Tribunal for the commission of war crimes. Taking as its starting point the existing canon of international law and conventions governing actions during war, Indictment at the Hague, represents the most detailed examination of the conduct of the Serbian authorities and the individual responsibility of senior members of its leadership for war crimes. Citing the precedent of the Nuremberg trials, Cigar and Williams carefully link conscious decisions and specific deeds undertaken by the Milosevic regime that violated the protections guaranteed to civilian populations in war. The volume reproduces a collection of key documents from the Hague Tribunal, U.N. Commissions, and Human Rights Organizations which appear in print together for the first time. Indictment at the Hague is essential for all those concerned with the difficult task of sustaining the Geneva and Hague Conventions, and those who wish to understand how in the era of never again the crimes of war continue to challenge the instruments of international law.https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_bks/1201/thumbnail.jp

How to Read the Constitution--and Why

The trial of Slobodan Milosevic represents a singular moment in modern history. For the first time a former head of state must answer charges before an International Tribunal for the commission of war crimes. Taking as its starting point the existing canon of international law and conventions governing actions during war, Indictment at the Hague, represents the most detailed examination of the conduct of the Serbian authorities and the individual responsibility of senior members of its leadership for war crimes. Citing the precedent of the Nuremberg trials, Cigar and Williams carefully link conscious decisions and specific deeds undertaken by the Milosevic regime that violated the protections guaranteed to civilian populations in war. The volume reproduces a collection of key documents from the Hague Tribunal, U.N. Commissions, and Human Rights Organizations which appear in print together for the first time. Indictment at the Hague is essential for all those concerned with the difficult task of sustaining the Geneva and Hague Conventions, and those who wish to understand how in the era of never again the crimes of war continue to challenge the instruments of international law.https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/facsch_bks/1201/thumbnail.jp