Successful management of severe exertional heat stroke complicated by ventricular fibrillation in 19 years old male

Heatstroke is a heat-related disease that is highly fatal. However, it is significant that if symptoms are quickly recognized, the outcome remains satisfactory. In this paper, the authors present the case of a 19-year-old physical worker in whom heatstroke was complicated by cardiac arrest. The proper action and full diagnosis of the underlying cause of cardiac arrest allowed for a full recovery. Attention was also drawn to the lack of appropriate equipment for active cooling and potential use of automatic chest compressions devices

The level of knowledge of healthcare professionals about child restraint systems

Introduction: Knowledge of how to correctly use the safety car seat is important to ensure that children are properly protected during their journey. European child transportation standards apply in Poland, which also indicate the type of car seat appropriate for the youngest children. The purpose of this survey is to assess the healthcare professionals knowledge in this field and estimate the percentage of children transported in rearward facing car seats. Currently, in Poland, there is a lack of collected data about the direction of the car seats in which the child traveled. This deficit is being initially supplemented by the results of the conducted study. Material and methods: 105 healthcare professionals participated in the study. They filled in questionnaires consisting of 29 questions that assess their level of knowledge about child restraint systems. Results: More than half of the respondents (n = 63; 61.76%) were convinced that a 2-year-old child traveling in a rearward facing car seat (RWF) is safer than if it traveled in a forward-facing car seat (FWF). Despite this, most of the healthcare professionals transported children over 1 year of age in FWF. In addition, not all healthcare workers are aware that the airbag should be deactivated when the child is transported in RWF in the front passenger seat. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals have insufficient knowledge about the safest way of how to transport children in their safety seat. This indicates a need to implement appropriate means to raise their awareness of this subject

Blend Segregation in Tablets Manufacturing and Its Effect on Drug Content Uniformity—A Review

Content uniformity (CU) of the active pharmaceutical ingredient is a critical quality attribute of tablets as a dosage form, ensuring reproducible drug potency. Failure to meet the accepted uniformity in the final product may be caused either by suboptimal mixing and insufficient initial blend homogeneity, or may result from further particle segregation during storage, transfer or the compression process itself. This review presents the most relevant powder segregation mechanisms in tablet manufacturing and summarizes the currently available, up-to-date research on segregation and uniformity loss at the various stages of production process—the blend transfer from the bulk container to the tablet press, filling and discharge from the feeding hopper, as well as die filling. Formulation and processing factors affecting the occurrence of segregation and tablets’ CU are reviewed and recommendations for minimizing the risk of content uniformity failure in tablets are considered herein, including the perspective of continuous manufacturing

The Antibacterial Effect of PEGylated Carbosilane Dendrimers on P. aeruginosa Alone and in Combination with Phage-Derived Endolysin

The search for new microbicide compounds is of an urgent need, especially against difficult-to-eradicate biofilm-forming bacteria. One attractive option is the application of cationic multivalent dendrimers as antibacterials and also as carriers of active molecules. These compounds require an adequate hydrophilic/hydrophobic structural balance to maximize the effect. Herein, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity of cationic carbosilane (CBS) dendrimers unmodified or modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) units, against planktonic and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa culture. Our study revealed that the presence of PEG destabilized the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance but reduced the antibacterial activity measured by microbiological cultivation methods, laser interferometry and fluorescence microscopy. On the other hand, the activity can be improved by the combination of the CBS dendrimers with endolysin, a bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolase. This enzyme applied in the absence of the cationic CBS dendrimers is ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria because of the protective outer membrane shield. However, the endolysin—CBS dendrimer mixture enables the penetration through the membrane and then deterioration of the peptidoglycan layer, providing a synergic antimicrobial effect