Ship building and repairing in Italy, 1861-1913: national and regional time series

This paper presents the first comprehensive national and regional time-series estimates for ship building and repairing in post-Unification Italy. The path of the national aggregate differs markedly from the extant series, which cover merchant new-construction alone. The regional estimates point to considerable concentration: Liguria accounted for more than half the product, and Campania for almost another quarter. In Liguria, too, this sector represented up to a quarter of total industrial production; elsewhere, and nationally, it was barely significant.Italy, ship building industry, national and regional value added, 1861-1913

Through the Magnifying Glass: Provincial Aspects of Industrial Growth in Post-Unification Italy

In post-Unification Italy industrialization was ever sharply sub-regional. Initially industry was largely artisanal, and located in the former political capitals; factory industry was instead attracted by the waterfalls of the subalpine Northwest. From the 1880s, as modernization accelerated, industry concentrated: in the Lombard and Piedmontese subalpine provinces with the late-nineteenth-century boom in (protected) textiles, then particularly in Turin and Milan with the engineering boom, and novel energy-transmission, of the belle époque; and in Liguria's Genoa, which captured (subsidized) civil and naval shipbuilding. The only significant diffusion came as (newly protected) beet-sugar-extraction spread throughout Emilia.Italy, pre-1913, regional industrialization

Construction in Italy's regions, 1861-1913

This paper presents time-series estimates of construction activity in the regions of post-Unification Italy. Total construction followed very different time paths, reflecting the sharply local cycles in railway construction. Other public works were less idiosyncratic; the boom of the Giolitti years was widely diffused, but that of the 1880s was much more concentrated in Latium and Liguria. In the construction of buildings, the Giolittian boom was marked in the North and Center, but spotty in the South and major islands; earlier swings were comparatively minor, save of course for the 1880s bubble in Latium. Over the long term, railway construction was, per-capita, relatively evenly spread. Other social-overhead construction displays a similar pattern, but with exceptionally high levels in Latium and Liguria. Building construction seems instead to have declined somewhat from North to South; Liguria was again the overall leader, with Latium second.

METALMAKING IN ITALY, 1861-1913: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TIME SERIES

This paper presents national and regional time-series estimates of metalmaking production in post-Unification Italy. The former broadly confirm their immediate predecessors; the latter are altogether new. The regional series evidence the industry's geographic concentration: the significant producers were Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania, but production per capita significantly exceeded the national average only in Liguria and, in the later years, in Umbria and Tuscany.

The comovements of construction in Italy's regions, 1861-1913

This paper examines the comovements of construction in Italy's regions from 1861 to 1913. The dynamic correlations of the series' deviation cycles decline in the case of buildings, remain very low in that of railways, and tend to decline in that of other infrastructure; the total-construction correlations instead peak in the 1870s, and again after 1900. Long-term comovements are examined by tracking the dispersion of the first differences of the measured trends. Increasing dispersion is obtained in the construction of buildings and of non-rail infrastructure; railway construction displayed a dramatic decline in dispersion, which dominates the aggregate.construction, regions , post-Unification Italy, trends, cycles, comovements

Shipbuilding in Italy, 1861-1913: the burden of the evidence

'Shipbuilding in post-Unification Italy is here documented by new national and regional time series. Where the extant national series point to secular decline, the new estimates reveal a major increase in output tied primarily to the growth of repair work on the one hand and of naval construction on the other. The regional estimates, which have no precedent in the literature, point to considerable concentration: Liguria accounted for more than half the product and Campania for almost another quarter. Again, while in most regions shipbuilding was barely significant, in Liguria it represented up to a quarter of total industrial production. The further disaggregation of naval construction points to significant exports, from the 1890s, by the private yards in Tuscany and Liguria; the consensus view that Italy's engineering industry was then too backward to export at all is clearly unfounded.' (author's abstract

Bouncing transient currents and SQUID-like voltage in nano devices at half filling

Nanorings asymmetrically connected to wires show different kinds of quantum interference phenomena under sudden excitations and in steady current conditions. Here we contrast the transient current caused by an abrupt bias to the magnetic effects at constant current. A repulsive impurity can cause charge build-up in one of the arms and reverse current spikes. Moreover, it can cause transitions from laminar current flow to vortices, and also change the chirality of the vortex. The magnetic behavior of these devices is also very peculiar. Those nano-circuits which consist of an odd number of atoms behave in a fundamentally different manner compared to those which consist of an even number of atoms. The circuits having an odd number of sites connected to long enough symmetric wires are diamagnetic; they display half-fluxon periodicity induced by many-body symmetry even in the absence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions. In principle one can operate a new kind of quantum interference device without superconductors. Since there is no gap and no critical temperature, one predicts qualitatively the same behavior at and above room temperature, although with a reduced current. The circuits with even site numbers, on the other hand, are paramagnetic.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.

METALMAKING IN ITALY, 1861-1913: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TIME SERIES

This paper presents national and regional time-series estimates of metalmaking production in post-Unification Italy. The former broadly confirm their immediate predecessors; the latter are altogether new. The regional series evidence the industry's geographic concentration: the significant producers were Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania, but production per capita significantly exceeded the national average only in Liguria and, in the later years, in Umbria and Tuscany

Ship building and repairing in Italy, 1861-1913: national and regional time series

This paper presents the first comprehensive national and regional time-series estimates for ship building and repairing in post-Unification Italy. The path of the national aggregate differs markedly from the extant series, which cover merchant new-construction alone. The regional estimates point to considerable concentration: Liguria accounted for more than half the product, and Campania for almost another quarter. In Liguria, too, this sector represented up to a quarter of total industrial production; elsewhere, and nationally, it was barely significant

METALMAKING IN ITALY, 1861-1913: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TIME SERIES

This paper presents national and regional time-series estimates of metalmaking production in post-Unification Italy. The former broadly confirm their immediate predecessors; the latter are altogether new. The regional series evidence the industry's geographic concentration: the significant producers were Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Tuscany, Umbria, and Campania, but production per capita significantly exceeded the national average only in Liguria and, in the later years, in Umbria and Tuscany