Determination of technological parameters of saturated composites based on SiC by means of a model liquid

The paper describes a method for determining technological parameters of the formation process of saturated composites based on SiC by applying the theory of dynamic similarity. Empirical relations have been presented in terms of hydraulic analysis of the saturated liquid flow (liquid metal) and determination of the saturated composite density depending on the technological parameters of its formation process: saturation time and pressure. Adopting the method for determining the density of silumin composites reinforced with silicon carbide by means of Wood’s metal as a model liquid has been described. Microscope images of the composite structure have been shown after filling it with the model liquid. Remarks have been made on the application of the method

Stage T1c prostate cancer: defining the appropriate staging evaluation and the role for pelvic lymphadenectomy

A good staging system should be able to accurately reflect the natural history of a malignant disease, to express the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis, and stratify patients in prognostically distinctive groups. The staging system for prostate cancer, as it is today, fails to fulfill these requirements. Approximately one third of the patients who undergo surgery for complete excision of prostate cancer in fact do not have a localize disease. The incidence of tumor at the inked margin may reach 30% for T1 stage and up to 60% for clinical T2b prostate cancer according to comparision with pathologic examination of resected specimen. Several concepts have been recently proposed as a means of improving the accuracy of the available staging system. In this paper, we review current aspects of clinical and pathological staging of prostate cancer, and the importance of these new concepts on the early stages of prostate cancer.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47057/1/345_2005_Article_BF01300182.pd

Use of Triz SU-Field Models in the Process of Improving the Injector of an Internal Combustion Engine

The article describes a method for analyzing and solving problem situations with the use of Su-Field models and 76 inventive standards. These tools are part of the “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving”. The author has presented the basic concepts of Su-Field models, including in the compilation of the most commonly used substances their fields and types of interactions in Su-Field models. The inventive standards have also been presented and grouped. Attempts have been made to solve two undesirable situations that occur during the operation of a complex technical system, which is the fuel injector of the self-ignition engine. Problem situations related to insufficient impact were modelled - too low tightening of the injector spring, and negative (harmful) interaction - erosive wear of the holes in the atomizer nozzle. Using the inventive standards of Class-1 and Class-2, general solutions to these problems have been found. After the transformation, exemplary detailed ways of solving the aforementioned problems have been presented in order to improve the design of the injector for these models. A summary and comments on the applicability of the presented methodology, regarding such complex technical systems, have also been presented

Lube oil - diesel oil mixes - dataset

Data connected with the study of the relationship between the level of lubricating oil contamination with distillation fuel and the risk of explosion in the crankcase of a marine trunk type engin

Problemy modelowania struktury niezawodnościowej złożonego systemu technicznego na przykładzie parowowodnego systemu siłowni okrętowej

In the paper the concept of a system structure with particular emphasis on the reliability structure has been presented. Advantages and disadvantages of modeling the reliability structure of a system using reliability block diagrams (RBD) have been shown. RBD models of a marine steam�-water system constructed according to the concept of �'multicomponent�', 'one component�f and mixed models have been discussed. Critical remarks on the practical application of models which recognize only the structural surplus have been dealt with. The significant value of the model by professors Smalko and Jaźwiński called by them �edefault reliability structure�f has been pointed out. The necessity of building a new type of models: quality�-quantity, useful in the methodology developed by the author's multi-criteria analysis of importance of elements in the reliability structure of complex technical systems.W artykule przedstawiono pojęcie struktury systemu ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem struktury niezawodnościowej. Przedstawiono zalety i wady modelowania struktury niezawodnościowej systemu z wykorzystaniem blokowych schematów niezawodności (RBD). Przedstawiono modele RBD okrętowego systemu parowo-wodnego zbudowane wg koncepcji modelu „wieloelementowego”, „jednoelementowego” i mieszanego. Przedstawiono krytyczne uwagi dotyczące praktycznego zastosowania modeli ujmujących jedynie nadmiar strukturalny. Wskazano na istotną wartość modelu autorstwa profesorów Jadźwińskiego i Smalko nazwanego przez nich „domyślną strukturą niezawodnościową”. Wskazano na konieczność budowy nowego typu modeli: jakościowo-ilościowych przydatnych w rozwijanej przez autora metodyce wielokryterialnej analizy ważności elementów w strukturze niezawodnościowej złożonych systemów technicznych

Effect of needle profile in the ICE fuel injector nozzle on the quality of fuel atomisation

The results of research on the impact of changing the cross-section of the atomizer's flow channel caused by changing the flow geometry of the (passive) part of the needle on the granulometric distribution of the fuel aerosol formed during its atomization in a medium under atmospheric pressure. Diesel oil without biocomponents (D100) was used in the study. During the measurements, the temperature of the fuel and air into which the injection was carried out was 20 °C. Three-hole type H1LMK 148/1 atomizer with hole diameter dN equal to 0.34 mm was analyzed. The fuel injector was installed on the measuring stand and powered by a fuel pump with a constant fuel dose of 0.6 cm3 set for all measurements. A nozzle with a standard (unmodified) needle and three nozzles with needles with a modified profile in the flow part of the needle, marked with the code signatures 1L, 2L and 3L, were tested. The needles are characterized by an increasing level of fuel turbulence during its flow along the flow part due to the use of one (1L), two (2L) and three (3L) de Laval toroidal nozzles, respectively, obtained by mechanically shaping the outer surface of the flow part of the spray needle. The injectors were adjusted to the standard injector opening pressure of 26 MPa. The aerosol produced was tested using the Malvern Spraytec STP 500 device cooperating with the dedicated Malvern ver. 4.0. During the tests, measurements and analysis of the aerosol droplet size distribution over the entire duration of injection, equal to 7±2 ms, were made for each of the nozzles. The experiment made it possible to determine the effect of nozzle needle profiles on the time distribution of actual droplet diameters, the time distribution of Sauter mean droplet diameters D[3,2], percentile shares of droplet diameters Dv(10), Dv(50) and Dv(90), distibution span over time the development of the aerosol stream and the time distribution of the share of drops with diameters belonging to the selected diameter classes D[x1-x2] in the aerosol. The results of measurements of the granulometric distribution indicate that the use of atomizers with a modification of the flow channel allows for an increase in the share of droplets with smaller diameters compared to the standard atomizer

The usage of the Miniature Dwarfs method in the improvement of passenger ship construction

The Miniature Dwarfs method is one of the tools used by the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) used in the process of modelling and seeking solutions to conflicting situations. This article describes the origin of the Miniature Dwarfs method. The process flow of the usage of the Miniature Dwarfs method was presented both in its original version, suggested by Altshuller, as well as in its recently modified version. The usage of the Miniature Dwarfs method was presented here to minimize the marine hull resistance of a passenger ship in the conflicting situation, where there is a simultaneous necessity to provide both large ship capacity as well as high speed. The issue and the conflicting situation were both presented and modelled. The Operational zone and Operational time were described and modelled with the use of the Miniature Dwarfs method before and during the Conflict, and the desired situation. The search of the potential solutions was carried out with the use of miniature dwarfs; the findings were interpreted with respect to the system under analysis and the stated technical issues. Imagined situations described in individual diagrams are included in the issue under investigation. Selected solutions to the problem were presented. The advantages of the method were indicated and presented as an addition to other methods used in the process of designing new engineering solutions

Kryterium bezpieczeństwa w ocenie ważności elementu w strukturze niezawodnościowej złożonego systemu technicznego

The paper presents the need to develop a description of the importance of the technological systems reliability structure elements in terms of security of the system. Basic issues related to the exploration of weak links and important elements in the system as well as a proposal to develop the current approach to assessing the importance of the system components have been presented. Moreover, the differences between the unreliability of suitability and unreliability of safety have been pointed out.W artykule przedstawiono konieczność rozwinięcia opisu ważności elementow w strukturze niezawodnościowej systemów technicznychw aspekcie bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania systemu. Przedstawiono podstawowe zagadnienia związane z poszukiwaniem słabych ogniw i elementow ważnych w systemie. Przedstawiono propozycji rozwinięcia aktualnego podejścia do oceny ważności elementow systemu. Wskazano na różnicę pomiędzy zawodnością zdatności a zawodnością bezpieczeństwa

Lube oil - diesel oil mixes - dataset

Data connected with the study of the relationship between the level of lubricating oil contamination with distillation fuel and the risk of explosion in the crankcase of a marine trunk type engin