Ionization Induced by the Ponderomotive Force in Intense and High-Frequency Laser Fields

Atomic stabilization is a universal phenomenon that occurs when atoms interact with intense and high-frequency laser fields. In this work, we systematically study the influence of the ponderomotive (PM) force, present around the laser focus, on atomic stabilization. We show that the PM force could induce tunneling and even over-barrier ionization to the otherwise stabilized atoms. Such effect may overweight the typical multiphoton ionization under moderate laser intensities. Our work highlights the importance of an improved treatment of atomic stabilization that includes the influence of the PM force

A Novel Variant of the FZD4 Gene in a Chinese Family Causes Autosomal Dominant Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy

Background/Aims: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a complex hereditary eye disorder characterized by incomplete development of the retinal vasculature, thereby affecting retinal angiogenesis. Methods: In this study, a Chinese autosomal dominant FEVR pedigree was recruited. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, targeted next-generation sequencing was used to identify the causative gene, and Sanger sequencing was conducted to verify the candidate mutation. Co-segregation analysis was performed to evaluate pathogenicity. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was applied to investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of the frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4) gene in the mouse. Results: A novel heterozygous, deleterious variant of the FZD4 gene, c.A749G (p.Y250C), was identified in this FEVR pedigree, which co-segregated with the clinical phenotype. The amino acid tyrosine (Y) is highly conserved both orthologously and paralogously. The FZD4 gene was highly expressed in the retina, sclera of the eye, ovary, kidney, and liver; ubiquitously expressed in other tissues; and highly expressed in 6 different developmental stages/times of retinal tissue. Conclusion: Our study is the first to identify that the novel heterozygous variant c.A749G (p.Y250C) in the FZD4 gene may be the disease-causing mutation in this FEVR family, extending its mutation spectrum. These findings further our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of FEVR and will facilitate the development of methods for the diagnosis, prevention, and genetic counseling of this disease

Enhanced Adsorption of Trace Ethylene on Ag/NZ5 Modified with Ammonia: Hierarchical Structure and Metal Dispersion Effects

Trace ethylene poses a significant challenge during the storage and transportation of agricultural products, causing over-ripening, reducing shelf life, and leading to food waste. Zeolite-supported silver adsorbents show promise for efficiently removing trace ethylene. Herein, hierarchical Ag/NZ5(X) adsorbents were prepared via different ammonia modifications, which featured enhanced ethylene adsorption ability. Ag/NZ5(2.5) exhibited the largest capacity and achieved near-complete removal at room temperature with prolonged efficacy. Characterization results indicated that the ammonia modification led to the formation of a hierarchical structure in the zeolite framework, reducing diffusion resistance and increasing the accessibility of the active sites. Additionally, desilication effects increased the defectiveness, generating a stronger metal–support interaction and resulting in a higher metal dispersion rate. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of efficient adsorbents for removing trace ethylene, thereby reducing food waste and extending the shelf life of agricultural products

A Study on the Susceptibility to SCC of 7050 Aluminum Alloy by DCB Specimens

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of different aging states for 7050 aluminum alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride aqueous solution has been studied by means of double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens, cathodic polarization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and time-of-flying second ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS). The results showed that the susceptibility to SCC (Iscc) of 7050 aluminum alloy decreases with increasing the aging time. When a cathodic polarization potential of −1100 mV was applied to DCB specimens, the ion current intensity of hydrogen (IH+) near the crack tip and Iscc increased obviously, thus the degree of the diffusion of hydrogen into the grain boundary become more serious. The observation of microstructure indicated that the precipitates on the grain boundary become coarse and are sparsely distributed with increasing the aging time of 7050 aluminum alloy

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Baoshan District of Shanghai in 2005‒2021

ObjectiveTo determine the epidemiological characteristics and distributions of measles in Baoshan District， Shanghai.MethodsThis study used the measles surveillance information and reporting system to collect reported cases of measles in Baoshan District in 2005‒2021 and then conducted descriptive epidemiological methods to determine the temporality using the concentration method.ResultsIn 2005‒2021， a total of 525 measles cases were reported in Baoshan District with an average annual reported incidence rate of 1.75/105， showing an overall fluctuating downward trend and obvious seasonality. The cases concentrated in 30‒39 years of age （31.24%）， 20‒29 years （28.57%）， and under 5 years （16.57%）. Majority of them were workers （18.10%）， preschool children （16.19%）， and unemployed persons （12.76%）. The incidence was significantly higher in the central region than in the other two regions for workers， preschool children， and unemployed persons （χ2=54.515， P<0.001）. Spatially， the incidence was significantly higher in the north-central sub-districts than in the south （χ2=88.103， P<0.001）. Moreover， 33.14% of measles cases did not receive measles-containing vaccine （MCV）， while 53.90% of the cases remained unknown. Additionally， uptake rate of MCV in non-local residents was significantly lower than in local residents （χ2=14.422， P<0.001）.ConclusionThe measles incidence remains remarkably low in Baoshan District of Shanghai. Young and middle-aged populations in the north-central region are susceptible to measles. It is recommended to further strengthen measles surveillance， maintain high coverage of MCV among school-age children combined with catch-up immunization for at-risk populations， and improve health education

Capture of intraocular lens optic by residual capsular opening in secondary implantation: long-term follow-up

Abstract Background To introduce a novel surgical technique for optic capture by residual capsular opening in secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and to report the outcomes of a long follow-up. Methods Twenty patients (20 eyes) who had received secondary IOL implantation with the optic capture technique were retrospectively reviewed. We used the residual capsular opening for capturing the optic and inserted the haptics in the sulcus during surgery. Baseline clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive status, and IOL position were recorded. The postoperative location and stability of IOL were evaluated using the ultrasound biomicroscopy. Results Optic capture technique was successfully performed in all cases, including 5 cases with large area of posterior capsular opacity, 6 cases with posterior capsular tear or rupture,and 9 cases with adhesive capsules. BCVA improved from 0.60 logMAR at baseline to 0.36 logMAR at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). Spherical equivalent changed from 10.67 ± 4.59 D at baseline to 0.12 ± 1.35 D at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). Centered IOLs were observed in all cases and remained captured through residual capsular opening in 19 (95%) eyes at the last follow-up. In one case, the captured optic of IOL slid into ciliary sulcus at 7 months postoperatively. No other postoperative complications were observed in any cases. Conclusions This optic capture technique by using residual capsule opening is an efficacious and safe technique and can achieve IOL stability in the long follow-up

Sense of coherence mediates perceived social support and depressive and anxiety symptoms in cervical cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety symptoms are two common psychological disturbances in cervical cancer patients. We tested whether sense of coherence (SOC) mediates the association of perceived social support (PSS) with depression and anxiety symptoms among cervical cancer patients in China. Methods We conducted a survey involving 294 cervical cancer patients aged ≥ 18 years from July to December 2020 at three hospitals in Liaoning Province, China; 269 patients completed the survey. We included a demographic questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) in this study. We used hierarchical regression analysis to examine the relationship among PSS, SOC, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. We used asymptotic and resampling strategies to explore the mediating effect of SOC. Results PSS was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (r = − 0.439, P < 0.01) and anxiety symptoms (r = − 0.325, P < 0.01). SOC was negatively related to depressive symptoms (r = − 0.627, P < 0.01) and anxiety symptoms (r = − 0.411, P < 0.01). SOC partially mediated the association between PSS and depressive symptoms (a*b = − 0.23, BCa95% CI: [− 0.31, − 0.14]) and anxiety symptoms (a*b = − 0.15, BCa95% CI: [− 0.23, − 0.08]). The proportions of the mediating effect accounting for SOC were 49.78% and 41.73% for depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Conclusion The study showed that SOC could mediate the association between PSS and symptoms of depression and anxiety. This suggests that SOC might serve as a potential target for intervention in symptoms of depression and anxiety that accompany cervical cancer

Early onset coats’ disease initially treated as unilateral ROP at 39 weeks postmenstrual age: a case report

Abstract Background This is the youngest case of Coats’ disease, in terms of postmenstrual age (PMA), to be reported in the literature. This case highlights the remarkable variations in the clinical manifestations and the very early onset of Coats’ disease. This case is unusual in both the age of onset and atypical clinical features, which resemble retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Case presentation We report a case of a preterm boy born at 31 5/7 weeks gestational age who presented with atypical Coats’ disease and was initially diagnosed as having ROP of only one eye at 39 weeks PMA. After initial laser treatment, severe exudative retinal detachment (ERD) occurred after initial laser treatment for ROP. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) showed telangiectasia and anastomosis of peripheral retinal vessels and nonperfusion areas, and the diagnosis of Coats’ disease was thus established. A series of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (IVR) and laser ablations were performed to resolve the exudation and to ablate the abnormal vessels. At the last visit, the retinopathy was under control, and useful vision was preserved. Conclusions Coats’ disease resembling stage 3 ROP can be detected before the expected date of childbirth. Therefore, asymmetric ROP should be differentiated from Coats’ disease