Influence of Proteolysis on the Binding Capacity of Flavor Compounds to Myofibrillar Proteins

Proteolysis occurs extensively during postmortem aging, enzymatic tenderization and fermentation of meat products, whereas less is understood regarding how proteolysis affects meat flavor. Myofibrillar proteins (MP) were extracted from beef longissimus dorsi muscle and subsequently treated with three commercial proteases. The effect of proteolysis on the interactions between the treated MP and butyraldehyde, 2-pentanone, octanal and 2-octanone was investigated. The progress of proteolysis increased the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and the surface hydrophobicity but decreased the turbidity and particle size. Fluorescence-quenching analysis results indicated that the enzymatic treatment generally increased the quenching constant (Ksv) between the treated MP and ketones but decreased the Ksv between the treated MP and aldehydes, and the papain treatment changed the Ksv value to a larger degree than treatment with proteinase K and bromelain. The adsorption assay showed that the proteinase K treatment largely increased the adsorption capacity of the MP to octanal (by 15.8–19.3%), whereas the bromelain treatment significantly reduced the adsorption capacity of the treated MP to butyraldehyde (by 6.0–7.9%) and 2-pentanone (by 9.7–11.9%). A correlation analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation (0.859, p < 0.05) between the DH of the MP and the adsorption ability of the treated MP to octanal. This study highlighted the significant but complex influence of proteolysis on MP binding capacity to flavor compounds

Temperature Effect of Nano-Structure Rebuilding on Removal of DWS mc-Si Marks by Ag/Cu MACE Process and Solar Cell

The absence of an effective texturing technique for diamond-wire sawn multi-crystalline silicon (DWS mc-Si) solar cells has hindered commercial upgrading from traditional multi-wire slurry sawn silicon (MWSS mc-Si) solar cells. In this work, we present a novel method for the removal of diamond-wire-sawn marks in a multi-crystalline silicon wafer based on metal assisted chemical etching process with Cu/Ag dual elements and nano-structure rebuilding (NSR) treatment to make a uniform inverted pyramid textured structure. The temperature effect of NSR solution was systematically analyzed. It was found that the size of the inverted pyramid structure and the reflectance became larger with the increase of the NSR treatment temperature. Furthermore, the prepared unique inverted pyramid structure not only benefited light trapping, but also effectively removed the saw-marks of the wafer at the same time. The highest efficiency of 19.77% was obtained in solar cells with an inverted pyramid structure (edge length of 600 nm) fabricated by NSR treatment at 50 °C for 360 s, while its average reflectance was 16.50% at a 400–900 nm wavelength range