Testing a structural model of constraints negotiation in spectator sports: The moderating effect of satisfaction with marketing strategies

This study extends the leisure constraints literature and empirically tests the constraints-effects-mitigation model within the context of spectator sports. The moderating effects of satisfaction with marketing strategies on the constraints negotiation relationship, and the motivation and negotiation relationship were also examined. Data (n = 997) were collected from spectators attending Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) games during the regular seasons in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that 1) negotiation works to independently influence participation; 2) the relationship between motivation and participation is partially mediated by negotiation strategies; 3) the relationship between motivation and negotiation is moderated by satisfaction with marketing strategies; and 4) constraints have no significant influence on participation and negotiation. The results advance our understanding of the factors influencing consumers’ leisure participation and the decision-making mechanism. This could help professional sport teams develop more effective and targeted marketing strategies. The findings may also help enrich sport spectators’ consumption of leisure experiences

catena-Poly[[chloridomercury(II)]-μ-1,4-diaza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane-κ2 N:N′-[chlorido­mercury(II)]-di-μ-chlorido]

In the title coordination polymer, [Hg2Cl4(C6H12N2)]n, each HgII center within the chain is four-coordinated by one terminal Cl atom, two bridging μ2-Cl atoms, and one N-atom donor from a μ2-1,4-diaza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane (μ2-daco) ligand in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The daco ligand acts as an end-to-end bridging ligand and bridges adjacent HgII centers, forming a chain running along [001]. Weak C—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding inter­actions link the chains into a three-dimensional network. Comparison of the structural differences with previous findings suggests that the space between the two N donors, as well as the skeletal rigidity in N-heterocyclic linear ligands, may play an important role in the construction of such supra­molecular networks

Type II Seesaw Higgs Triplet as the inflaton for Chaotic Inflation and Leptogenesis

In this paper, we consider a chaotic inflation model where the role of inflaton is played by the Higgs triplet in type II seesaw mechanism for generating the small masses of left-handed neutrinos. Leptogenesis could happen after inflation. This model is constructed without introducing supersymmetry (SUSY).Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes and a footnote added. Version to publish in PL

The Validity and Reliability between Automated Oscillometric Measurement of Ankle-Brachial Index and Standard Measurement by Eco-Doppler in Diabetic Patients with or without Diabetic Foot

Objective. To evaluate the concordance between oscillometric ABI and standard Doppler ABI in diabetic Chinese patients with or without diabetic foot. Methods. 230 consecutive diabetic patients (n=459 limbs) were included. The right and left ABIs were determined with both devices by the same investigator. The concordance and agreement were assessed by kappa index and the Bland-Altman method. Results. The average Doppler ABI was 1.003 ± 0.286 on the right and 0.990 ± 0.287 on the left, while oscillometric ABI was 1.002 ± 0.332 and 0.993 ± 0.319, which had no significance. The average time for oscillometric ABI was 8.600 versus 16.980 minutes for Doppler ABI (p<0.001). There was good agreement between the two measurements, with a kappa value of 0.869 on the right and 0.919 on the left. Regarding the Doppler ABI as the gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, +LR, and −LR of oscillometric ABI reached 95.22%, 94.34%, 95.48%, 20.873%, and 0.059% on the right. For the left, it was 96.94%, 96.43%, 97.11%, 33.364%, and 0.036%. Conclusions. The oscillometric measurement is a reliable, convenient, and less time-consuming alternative to standard Doppler ABI in patients. It should be widely used for PAD detection

Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Carbon Membranes with Co/CoP Janus-Type Nanocrystals as Hydrogen Evolution Electrode in Both Acidic and Alkaline Environments

Self-supported electrocatalysts being generated and employed directly as electrodes for energy conversion has been intensively pursued in the fields of materials chemistry and energy. Herein, we report a synthetic strategy to prepare freestanding hierarchically structured, nitrogen-doped nanoporous graphitic carbon membranes functionalized with Janus-type Co/CoP nanocrystals (termed as HNDCM-Co/CoP), which were successfully applied as a highly efficient, binder-free electrode in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefited from multiple structural merits, such as a high degree of graphitization, three-dimensionally interconnected micro/meso/macropores, uniform nitrogen doping, well-dispersed Co/CoP nanocrystals, as well as the confinement effect of the thin carbon layer on the nanocrystals, HNDCM-Co/CoP exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity and long-term operation stability for HER under both acidic and alkaline conditions. As a proof-of-concept of practical usage, a 5.6 cm x 4 cm x 60 μm macroscopic piece of HNDCM-Co/CoP was prepared in our laboratory. Driven by a solar cell, electroreduction of water in alkaline conditions (pH 14) was performed, and H2 was produced at a rate of 16 mL/min, demonstrating its potential as real-life energy conversion systems

Nitrogen-doped Nanoporous Carbon Membranes Functionalized with Co/CoP Janus-type nanocrystals as Hydrogen Evolution Electrode in Both Acid and Alkaline Environment

Self-supported electrocatalysts being generated and employed directly as electrode for energy conversion has been intensively pursued in the fields of materials chemistry and energy. Herein, we report a synthetic strategy to prepare freestanding hierarchically structured, nitrogen-doped nanoporous graphitic carbon membranes functionalized with Janus-type Co/CoP nanocrystals (termed as HNDCM-Co/CoP), which were successfully applied as a highly-efficient, binder-free electrode in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Benefited from multiple structural merits, such as high degree of graphitization, three-dimensionally interconnected micro-/meso-/macropores, uniform nitrogen-doping, well-dispersed Co/CoP nanocrystals as well as the confinement effect of the thin carbon layer on the nanocrystals, HNDCM-Co/CoP exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity and long-term operation stability for HER under both acid and alkaline conditions. As a proof-of-concept of practical usage, a macroscopic piece of HNDCM-Co/CoP of 5.6 cm x 4 cm x 60 um in size was prepared in our laboratory. Driven by a solar cell, electroreduction of water in alkaline condition (pH 14) was performed, and H2 has been produced at a rate of 16 ml/min, demonstrating its potential as real-life energy conversion systems.Comment: 31 pages, 15 page

Genome-wide identification and analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs; MAP3Ks) are important components of MAPK cascades, which are highly conserved signal transduction pathways in animals, yeast and plants, play important roles in plant growth and development. MAPKKKs have been investigated on their evolution and expression patterns in limited plants including Arabidopsis, rice and maize

Diffusion entropy analysis on the scaling behavior of financial markets

In this paper the diffusion entropy technique is applied to investigate the scaling behavior of financial markets. The scaling behaviors of four representative stock markets, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Standard&Poor 500, Heng Seng Index, and Shang Hai Stock Synthetic Index, are almost the same; with the scale-invariance exponents all in the interval $[0.92, 0.95]$. These results provide a strong evidence of the existence of long-rang correlation in financial time series, thus several variance-based methods are restricted for detecting the scale-invariance properties of financial markets. In addition, a parsimonious percolation model for stock markets is proposed, of which the scaling behavior agrees with the real-life markets well.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure