2,824 research outputs found
Generation of genuine -type four-particle entangled state of superconducting artificial atoms with broken symmetry
We propose a scheme for generating a genuine -type four-particle
entangled state of superconducting artificial atoms with broken symmetry by
using one-dimensional transmission line resonator as a data bus. The
-type three-level artificial atom we use in the scheme is different
from natural atom and has cyclic transitions. After suitable interaction time
and simple operations, the desired entangled state can be obtained. Since
artificial atomic excited states and photonic states are adiabatically
eliminated, our scheme is robust against the spontaneous emissions of
artificial atoms and the decays of transmission line resonator
Isobaric Yield Ratio Difference in Heavy-ion Collisions, and Comparison to Isoscaling
An isobaric yield ratio difference (IBD) method is proposed to study the
ratio of the difference between the chemical potential of neutron and proton to
temperature () in heavy-ion collisions. The
determined by the IBD method (IB-) is compared to the results of
the isoscaling method (IS-), which uses the isotopic or the
isotonic yield ratio. Similar distributions of the IB- and IS- are
found in the measured 140 MeV Ca + Be and the Ni +
Be reactions. The IB- and IS- both have a distribution with
a plateau in the small mass fragments plus an increasing part in the fragments
of relatively larger mass. The IB- and IS- plateaus show
dependence on the ratio of the projectile. It is suggested that the
height of the plateau is decided by the difference between the neutron density
() and the proton density () distributions of the projectiles,
and the width shows the overlapping volume of the projectiles in which
and change very little. The difference between the IB- and
IS- is explained by the isoscaling parameters being constrained by
the many isotopes and isotones, while the IBD method only uses the yields of
two isobars. It is suggested that the IB- is more reasonable than
the IS-, especially when the isotopic or isotonic ratio disobeys
the isoscaling. As to the question whether the depends on the
density or the temperature, the density dependence is preferred since the low
density can result in low temperature in the peripheral reactions.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, mistake of reference correcte
Chemical Property of Colliding Sources in 124,136Xe and 112,124Sn Induced Collisions in Isobaric Ratio Difference and Isoscaling Methods
The isoscaling and isobaric ratio difference (IBD) methods are used to study
the ( being the difference between the chemical
potentials of neutron and proton, and being the temperature) in the
measured 1 GeV Sn + Sn, Sn + Sn, Xe
+ Pb and Xe + Pb reactions. The isoscaling phenomena in the
Sn/Sn and the Xe/Xe reactions pairs are
investigated, and the isoscaling parameter and are obtained.
The determined by the isoscaling method (IS--) and
IBD method (IB--) in the measured Sn and Xe reactions are
compared. It is shown that in most of fragments, the IS-- and IB--
are consistent in the Xe reactions, while the IS-- and IB--
are only similar in the less neutron-rich fragments in the Sn
reactions. The shell effects in IB-- are also discussed.Comment: 5 figures, submitted to J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phy
Residue Coulomb interaction among isobars and its influence in symmetry energy of neutron-rich fragment
The residue Coulomb interaction (RCI), which affects the results of symmetry
energy of neutron-rich nucleus in isobaric yield ratio (IYR) methods, is
difficult to be determined. Four RCI approximations are investigated: (1) the
M1--RCI adopting the (the ratio of Coulomb energy coefficient to
temperature) determined from the IYR of mirror-nuclei fragment; (2) the M2--RCI
by fitting the difference between IYRs; (3) the M3--RCI by adopting the
standard Coulomb energy at a temperature MeV; and (4) neglecting the RCI
among the three isobars. The M1--, M2-- and M3--RCI is found to no larger than
0.4. In particular, the M2--RCI is very close to zero. The effects of RCI in
the of fragment are also studied. The M1-- and M4-- are
found to be the lower and upper limitations of , respectively. The
M2-- overlaps the M4--, which indicates that the M2--RCI
is negligible, at the same time the RCI among the three isobars can be
neglected. A relative consistent low values of M3-- ()
are found in very neutron-rich isobars.Comment: 7pages, 7 figure
Configuration-tree Theoretical Calculation of the Mean-Squared Displacement of Particles in Glass Formers
We report an analytical evaluation of the mean-squared displacement (MSD) of
the particles in glasses based on their coarse grained trajectories. The
calculation is conducted by means of a local random configuration-tree theory
that was recently proposed by one of us [C.-H. Lam, J. Stat. Mech.
\textbf{2018}, 023301 (2018)]. Results are compared with the numerical
simulations of a lattice glass model, and good quantitative agreement has been
obtained over a wide range of temperatures in the entire region of time with
virtually no free parameters. To the best of our knowledge, the calculation is
the first in its kind.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure
Explaining AlphaGo: Interpreting Contextual Effects in Neural Networks
In this paper, we propose to disentangle and interpret contextual effects
that are encoded in a pre-trained deep neural network. We use our method to
explain the gaming strategy of the alphaGo Zero model. Unlike previous studies
that visualized image appearances corresponding to the network output or a
neural activation only from a global perspective, our research aims to clarify
how a certain input unit (dimension) collaborates with other units (dimensions)
to constitute inference patterns of the neural network and thus contribute to
the network output. The analysis of local contextual effects w.r.t. certain
input units is of special values in real applications. Explaining the logic of
the alphaGo Zero model is a typical application. In experiments, our method
successfully disentangled the rationale of each move during the Go game
Observation of Rabi oscillation of light assisted by atomic spin wave
Coherent conversion between a Raman pump field and its Stokes field is
observed in a Raman process with a strong atomic spin wave initially prepared
by another Raman process operated in the stimulated emission regime. The
oscillatory behavior resembles the Rabi oscillation in atomic population in a
two-level atomic system driven by a strong light field. The Rabi-like
oscillation frequency is found to be related to the strength of the pre-built
atomic spin wave. High conversion efficiency of 40% from the Raman pump field
to the Stokes field is recorded and it is independent of the input Raman pump
field. This process can act as a photon frequency multiplexer and may find wide
applications in quantum information science
Brillouin scattering induced transparency and non-reciprocal light storage
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is a very fundamental interaction
between light and travelling acoustic waves, which is mainly attributed to the
electrostriction and photoelastic effects with the interaction strength being
orders of magnitude larger than other nonlinearities. Although various photonic
applications for all-optical light controlling based on SBS have been achieved
in optical fiber and waveguides, the coherent light-acoustic interaction
remains a challenge. Here, we experimentally demonstrated the Brillouin
scattering induced transparency (BSIT) in a high quality optical
microresonantor. Benefited from the triple-resonance in the whispering gallery
cavity, the photon-phonon interaction is enhanced, and enables the light
storage to the phonon, which has lifetime up to 10us. In addition, due to the
phase matching condition, the stored circulating acoustic phonon can only
interact with certain direction light, which leads to non-reciprocal light
storage and retrieval. Our work paves the way towards the low power consumption
integrated all-optical switching, isolator and circulator, as well as quantum
memory.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Generalized Migdal-Kadanoff Bond-moving Renormalization Recursion Procedure I: Symmetrical Half-length Bond Operation on Translational Invariant Lattices
We report in a series of papers two types of generalized Migdal-Kadanoff
bond-moving renormalization group transformation recursion procedures. In this
first part the symmetrical operation of half length bonds on translational
invariant lattices are considered. As an illustration of their predominance in
application, the procedures are used to study the critical behavior of the
spin-continuous Gaussian model constructed on the triangular lattices. Results
such as the correlation length critical exponents obtained by this means are
found to be in good conformity with the classical results from other studies.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Generalized Migdal-Kadanoff Bond-moving Renormalization Recursion Procedure II: Symmetrical Half-length Bond Operation on Fractals
In this second part of the series of two papers we report another type of
generalized Migdal-Kadanoff bond-moving renormalization group transformation
recursion procedures considering symmetrical single bond operations on
fractals. The critical behavior of the spin-continuous Gaussian model
constructed on the Sierpinski gaskets is studied as an example to reveal its
predominance in application. Results obtained by this means are found to be in
good conformity with those obtained from other studies.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
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