Documents, The $100,000 gallery of art

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Exploration of genetic algorithm in network coding for wireless sensor networks

Wireless network comprises of multiples nodes that work together to form a network. Each node in a wireless network communicates with one another by disseminating information packet among them. Source node and destination node are often far apart from each other, thus the information packet has to be transmitted to intermediate node(s) before it is able to be relayed to its destination. Network coding is introduced to combine several packets from different sources and broadcast the combined packet to several destinations in single transmission time slot. Each destination is capable to extract the intended information by decoding from a common packet. In short, network coding improves the throughput for wireless and wired networks but also causes side effects such as complexity of packets management and increases delay for coding opportunity. Hence, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the resources for network coding. Genetic algorithm will search for optimum routes to the destination according to the desired throughput with a desired multicast rate. In this paper, genetic algorithm is further enhanced in searching of optimum route for a packet. The simulation results show the enhanced genetic algorithm can adapt to various situations with different topologies with a better throughput and energy consumption compared to the store-and-forward method used in conventional wireless sensor network

SUMO ENHANCEMENT FOR VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT

It is normal that every family is having at least one vehicle at their home as vehicles have become a daily needs for all of us. However, this also leads to the increased of road accidents where major causes are related to human errors which can be prevented. To tackle with this problem, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is introduced with the aim to make vehicles intelligent. In order to study the algorithm in VANET, a mobility simulator is needed for simulation purpose. In this case, SUMO is proved to be a good simulation tool in generating VANET environment while MATLAB is good for algorithm development. Yet, to develop a good simulation platform, modification on SUMO files are necessary. This paper discusses on the procedures in creating a left-hand traffic (LHT) simulation file that is suitable to be used in Malaysia. LHT simulation is not easy to achieve as modification on the road connection and traffic light files are required. This paper also showed the results of the simulation after SUMO files modification. Apart from that, this paper also showed the simulation of VANET environment using SUMO and MATLAB through a third party interfacing named TraCI4Matlab, which allows communication between MATLAB and SUMO simulator

A genetic algorithm for management of coding resources in VANET

This project aims to improve the throughput, energy consumption and overhead of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) by optimising the network coding (NC) using Genetic Algorithm (GA). VANET shows a promising technology as it could enhance the traffic efficiency and promote traffic safety on the road systems. The conventional store-and-forward transmission protocol used in the intermediate node(s) simply stores the received packet and then send at a later time to the destination. However, the rapid changing in VANET topology has made the conventional store-and-forward approach inefficient to meet the throughput and reliability demand posed by VANET. Hence, NC is proposed to perform additional functions on the packet in the source or intermediate node(s). However, the chances to perform NC in wireless network is highly unlikely if the packet is not transmit to the potential NC node. Therefore, GA based network routing (GANeR) is embedded into network to search for shortest path from the source to the destination. It showed that the developed GANER in this work provides a better route with coding opportunities and reduces energy consumption in the network. The total energy consumed by GANER is 5.6% fewer than NC in wireless network transmission and forwarding structure (COPE)

HYBRID SIMULATION NETWORK FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) plays a vital role in providing different means of traffic management and enables users to be better informed of traffic condition, promoting safer, coordinated and efficient use of transport network. Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) shows promising reliability and validity in ITS. But, it poses challenges to researchers in designing protocol specifically for VANET as the deployment of VANET in real world will incur high cost. Therefore, simulation and non-physical testbed implementation have been widely adopted by the VANET research community in the development and assessment of the new or improved system and protocol of VANET. This paper presents a viable simulation platform for network development. Besides, a code cast or better known as network coding, a data packet transmission method has been developed and introduced into VANET protocol using the presented platform to assess and determine the potential of the introduced simulation platform

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from Salmonella: an unusual bacterium with unusual presentation

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension. While gram-negative rods and Enterococcus species are the common offending organisms, Salmonella has also been recognized as a rare and atypical offending organism. Atypical features of Salmonella SBP include both its occurrence in cirrhotic patients with immunosuppressive state and its lack of typical neutroascitic response. Diagnosis is often delayed as it requires confirmation from ascitic fluid culture. We report a case of Salmonella SBP occurring in a patient with decompensated cryptogenic cirrhosis with concurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prior treatment with rituximab. Physicians should be aware of the atypical presentation, especially in cirrhotic patients who are immunosuppressed

Impact of link-removal on the air transportation network.

As one of the critical infrastructure network, the air transportation network provides the fastest way for millions of people to travel around the world every day. At the same time, it is also responsible for the world-wide propagation of infectious diseases such as the influenza and SARS. In this project, we study and analyze the worldwide air transportation network. In particular, we will build a network which consists of more than 3000 airports and establish links between pairs of airports that are connected by non-stop passenger flights. Then, the impact of link-removal on both the epidemic spreading and the centrality betweenness of the most central airports are investigated. Our result is that the link between Changi Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport, USA (SIN-EWK) and London Heathrow Airport, UK (SIN-LHR) are among the most suitable links for removal. We found that single link removal has no significant impact on reducing epidemic spreading on Changi Airport, Singapore.Bachelor of Science in Physic

Evolutionary algorithm based network coding for optmization of intelligent vehicular ad hoc network

This project aims to improve the throughput, energy consumption and overhead of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) by optimising the network coding (NC) using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimisation (GA-PSO). VANET shows a promising technology as it could enhance the traffic efficiency and promote traffic safety on the road systems. The conventional store-and-forward transmission protocol used in the intermediate node(s) simply stores the received packet and then send at a later time to the destination. However, the rapid changing in VANET topology has made the conventional store-and-forward approach inefficient to meet the throughput and reliability demand posed by VANET. Hence, NC is proposed to perform additional functions on the packet in the source or intermediate node(s). The results showed that the NC used in wireless network outperforms the conventional store-and-forward in terms of throughput and energy consumption. However, the chances to perform NC in wireless network is highly unlikely if the packet is not transmit to the potential NC node. Therefore, GA based network routing (GANeR) is embedded into network to search for shortest path from the source to the destination, and PSO based coding aware routing (CAR) is also proposed to further converge the solutions obtained from GANeR. It showed that the developed GA-PSO in this work provides a better route with coding opportunities and reduces energy consumption in the network. The total energy consumed by GA-PSO is 7.39% fewer than the store-and-forward approach and 4.77% fewer than NC in wireless network transmission and forwarding structure (COPE)

SUMO enhancement for vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) simulation

Vehicles have become a daily needs for all of us and it is normal that every family is having at least one vehicle at their home. This leads to the increased of accidents and vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an approach invented to tackle with this problem. In order to study the algorithm in VANET, a mobility simulator is needed for simulation. SUMO is proved to be a good simulation tool for VANET while MATLAB is good for future algorithm development. To develop a good simulation platform, modification on SUMO files are necessary. This paper discusses on the steps for creating a left-hand traffic (LHT) simulation file that is suitable to be used in Malaysia. Most of the hard work in creating LHT simulation is to modify the road connection and traffic light files. This paper also showed the results of the simulation after SUMO files modification. It is recommended that user make a good decision in deciding the map for simulation. Smaller map is easier to modify, while maintaining the same map for the whole VANET development can prevent a start over on the SUMO files modification process