Evaluation of Green House Gases (GHGs) Reduction Plan in Combination with Air Pollutants Reduction in Busan Metropolitan City in Korea

Since most Green House Gases (GHGs) and air pollutants are generated from the same sources, it will be cost-effective to develop a GHGs reduction plan in combination with simultaneous removal of air pollutants. However, effects on air pollutants reduction according to implementing any GHG abatement plans have been rarely studied. Reflecting simultaneous removal of air pollutants along with the GHGs emission reduction, this study investigated relative cost effectiveness among GHGs reduction action plans in Busan Metropolitan City. We employed the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a methodology that evaluates relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) producing multiple outputs with multiple inputs, for the investigation. Assigning each GHGs reduction action plan to a DMU, implementation cost of each GHGs reduction action plan to an input, and reduction potential of GHGs and air pollutants by each GHGs reduction action plan to an output, we calculated efficiency scores for each GHGs reduction action plan. When the simultaneous removal of air pollutants with the GHGs reduction were considered, green house supply-insulation improvement and intelligent transportation system (ITS) projects had high efficiency scores for cost-positive action plans. For cost-negative action plans, green start network formation and running, and daily car use control program had high efficiency scores. When only the GHGs reduction was considered, project priority orders based on efficiency scores were somewhat different from those when both the removal of air pollutants and GHGs reduction were considered at the same time. The expected action plan priority difference is attributed to great difference of air pollutants reduction potential according to types of energy sources to be reduced

A retrospective multicenter study of quantitative bone SPECT/CT to predict the surgical removal of the accessory navicular bone

The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) can help quantify disease activity of the accessory navicular bone (ANB). In this multicenter quantitative bone SPECT/CT study, we investigated whether SUVmax was correlated with ANB severity, thereby allowing prediction of surgical resection for ANB treatment. METHODS: Two-hundred forty-six patients (men:women = 135:111, mean age = 39.3 years), who had undergone quantitative Tc-99m diphosphonate SPECT/CT of the feet, were recruited from four hospitals. SUVmax was measured using vendor-provided quantitation software. The SUVmax values were compared in relation to ANB type (type 1 = 62, type 2 = 136 and type 3 = 14), presence of pain and surgical treatment. RESULTS: SUVmax (mean ± SD) was the highest in type 2 ANB (4.41 ± 5.2; P = 0.0101). The 17 resected ANBs showed greater SUVmax (8.27 ± 5.23; P < 0.0001) than the 141 asymptomatic ANBs (2.30 ± 1.68) or the 54 symptomatic ANBs without surgery (6.15 ± 4.40). Since surgery is exclusively indicated for ANB type 2, surgical resection was investigated only in these cases. In univariate analysis, young age and SUVmax were significantly associated with surgical treatment, but only SUVmax was a significant predictor of surgery in multivariate analysis (P < 0.0001). Type 2 ANBs were treated by surgery in 32.5% (13/40) of the cases when SUVmax was ≥5, and in only 1.35% (1/74) of the cases when SUVmax was <5 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: ANB disease activity and excision were strongly associated with the SUVmax derived from quantitative bone SPECT/CT. Our study suggests an absolute SUVmax cutoff for ultimate ANB surgical treatment, but additional prospective studies are required to validate this finding

A retrospective multicenter study of quantitative bone SPECT/CT to predict the surgical removal of the accessory navicular bone

Objective The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) can help quantify disease activity of the accessory navicular bone (ANB). In this multicenter quantitative bone SPECT/CT study, we investigated whether SUVmax was correlated with ANB severity, thereby allowing prediction of surgical resection for ANB treatment. Methods Two-hundred forty-six patients (men:women = 135:111, mean age = 39.3 years), who had undergone quantitative Tc-99m diphosphonate SPECT/CT of the feet, were recruited from four hospitals. SUVmax was measured using vendor-provided quantitation software. The SUVmax values were compared in relation to ANB type (type 1 = 62, type 2 = 136 and type 3 = 14), presence of pain and surgical treatment. Results SUVmax (mean +/- SD) was the highest in type 2 ANB (4.41 +/- 5.2; P = 0.0101). The 17 resected ANBs showed greater SUVmax (8.27 +/- 5.23; P &lt; 0.0001) than the 141 asymptomatic ANBs (2.30 +/- 1.68) or the 54 symptomatic ANBs without surgery (6.15 +/- 4.40). Since surgery is exclusively indicated for ANB type 2, surgical resection was investigated only in these cases. In univariate analysis, young age and SUVmax were significantly associated with surgical treatment, but only SUVmax was a significant predictor of surgery in multivariate analysis (P &lt; 0.0001). Type 2 ANBs were treated by surgery in 32.5% (13/40) of the cases when SUVmax was &gt;= 5, and in only 1.35% (1/74) of the cases when SUVmax was &lt;5 (P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion ANB disease activity and excision were strongly associated with the SUVmax derived from quantitative bone SPECT/CT. Our study suggests an absolute SUVmax cutoff for ultimate ANB surgical treatment, but additional prospective studies are required to validate this finding.N

Reversed Corrective Saccades during Head Impulse Test in Acute Cerebellar Dysfunction

Patients with cerebellar lesions may show horizontal (positive)- or downward (perverted)-corrective saccades during horizontal head impulse test (HIT). However, corrective saccades in the direction of head rotation (reversed corrective saccades) have not been reported during HIT. We present two patients who showed reversed corrective saccades during horizontal HIT as an initial sign of acute cerebellitis. In contrast to the corrective saccades mostly observed in peripheral vestibular paresis, this paradoxical response indicates abnormally increased vestibulo-ocular responses due to cerebellar disinhibition over the vestibulo-ocular reflex. This paradoxical response should be considered an additional bedside cerebellar sign.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2014-01/102/0000004487/11SEQ:11PERF_CD:SNU2014-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004487ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075641DEPT_CD:801CITE_RATE:2.864FILENAME:choijy-reversed corrective saccades _in acute cerebellar dysfunction-cerebellum-2014-13(2)243.pdfDEPT_NM:의학과SCOPUS_YN:YCONFIRM: