Prevalence of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a secondary health centre in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nigeria is believed to rapidly be on the increase despite its awareness. Its related chronic complications is also expanding leading to reduction in the quality of life of patients, incurring heavy burdens to the health care system, loss of man hours from work and increasing diabetic mortality. Current information on the prevalence of chronic complications and its related clinical characteristics in Niger Delta area is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a secondary health Centre in Niger Delta, with the objective of relating the effect of age and gender with these complications as well as determining their glycemic control.Methods: 200 consenting adult diabetics 96 (48%) males and 104 (52%) females, who have been attending the diabetic clinics for at least 12 months, were randomly recruited for the study. Hospital records, questionnaire and laboratory investigations were used to collect the demographic, clinical data as well as values of fasting blood sugar, urea, creatinine, lipids, urine microalbumin and glycated hemoglobin for all subjects.Results: Of the 200 T2DM patients evaluated for chronic complications, 130 (65%) presented with one form of complication varying from nephropathy (58%), dyslipidemia (57%), hypertension (48%), neuropathy (14%) and retinopathy (9%) with 104 (52%) having more than two categories concurrently. chronic complications varied with gender as well as age.Conclusions: Chronic complications are common among type 2 diabetes in central hospital Warri, Nigeria. Implementation of timely and appropriate screening strategies could decrease the burden of diabetes chronic complications

Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hospital-based study from, Warri, Nigeria

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify the associated risk factors. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the medical outpatient department of the Central Hospital, Warri from March to August 2014 after approval by the hospital′s health and ethics committee. Materials and Methods: Two hundred T2DM aged 45-80 years were randomly selected for the study after obtaining their informed consent. Three-morning urine samples collected at 1-month interval were tested for MA using the "MICRAL test" strip. A fasting blood sample was also drawn after 10-12 h overnight fasting for plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum creatinine investigations. MA was diagnosed if the urinary albumin excretion ratio was between 30 and 300 mg/24 h from two separate urine samples. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of MA was 58%. The mean age, duration of T2DM, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c level, serum creatinine of type 2 diabetes with MA were significantly higher when compared to T2DM patients without MA while the mean diastolic blood pressure body mass index and age did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of the MA among type 2 diabetes visiting a medical outpatient clinic in Central Hospital, Warri were high and similar to that reported in other studies

Prevalence of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a secondary health centre in Niger Delta, Nigeria

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Nigeria is believed to rapidly be on the increase despite its awareness. Its related chronic complications is also expanding leading to reduction in the quality of life of patients, incurring heavy burdens to the health care system, loss of man hours from work and increasing diabetic mortality. Current information on the prevalence of chronic complications and its related clinical characteristics in Niger Delta area is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a secondary health Centre in Niger Delta, with the objective of relating the effect of age and gender with these complications as well as determining their glycemic control.Methods: 200 consenting adult diabetics 96 (48%) males and 104 (52%) females, who have been attending the diabetic clinics for at least 12 months, were randomly recruited for the study. Hospital records, questionnaire and laboratory investigations were used to collect the demographic, clinical data as well as values of fasting blood sugar, urea, creatinine, lipids, urine microalbumin and glycated hemoglobin for all subjects.Results: Of the 200 T2DM patients evaluated for chronic complications, 130 (65%) presented with one form of complication varying from nephropathy (58%), dyslipidemia (57%), hypertension (48%), neuropathy (14%) and retinopathy (9%) with 104 (52%) having more than two categories concurrently. chronic complications varied with gender as well as age.Conclusions: Chronic complications are common among type 2 diabetes in central hospital Warri, Nigeria. Implementation of timely and appropriate screening strategies could decrease the burden of diabetes chronic complications

Determinants of glycemic control among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Niger Delta

Background: The rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with its attendant′s complication can be successively steamed in the face of appropriate self-care management. The latter is positively imparted by the level of knowledge of the disease itself, its impact on quality of life and available basic technique of its control. Aims: The study is, therefore, aimed to assess the level of glycemic control and its determinants among type 2 subjects attending a secondary hospital in Niger Delta. Subjects and Methods: Two hundred consenting adult type 2 diabetes patients of age more than 40 years and attended diabetes outpatient clinics at the Central Hospital Warri between March and August 2014 were used for this cross-sectional study. Two different questionnaires were administered to all the participants to collect the necessary information on diabetes knowledge as well as factors that might affect their glycemic control. Blood samples were collected for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for all the respondents. Weight and height were also measured to the nearest 0.5 kilogram and centimeter using standardized equipment. Body mass index was then calculated as the ratio of weight in kilogram and height in meters square (kg/m 2 ). Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical Package for Social Science Version 16 was used to compute the data generated. Results: The mean age and diabetic duration of all participants were 54.8 ± 11.9 years and 8.5 ± 3.2 years, respectively. The overall mean knowledge score of the subjects was 6.90 ± 1.8 (69.0 ± 18.2%) The mean FBG level and HbA1c of respondents were 7.89 ± 3.6 mmol/L (range 4-20 mmol/L) and 8.2%, respectively, with 55% of the population having poor glycemic control and 45% good glycemic control. The diabetic knowledge scoring of those with poor glycemic control was significantly lower than those with good glycemic control. In addition, diabetics′ with poor glycemic control HbA1c >7.0 had longer diabetic duration (1-19 years; 8.06 ± 4.30) when compared with those with good glycemic control, HbA1c < 7.0 (1-15 years; 6.44 ± 4.02). Conclusions: The proportion of poor glycemic control among patients with T2DM in Central Hospital Warri is relatively high with diabetic duration and inadequate diabetic knowledge identified as significant determinants