Cases of tuberculosis with lethal outcome among children: clinical epidemiological data

There is the comparative clinical epidemiological analysis of 54 cases of death of children with tuberculosis in Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovskaya oblast from 1977 to 2010. The aim of the research is to reveal epidemiological, social, clinical and immunological features of the children died of tuberculosis. The most of dead are prematurely born children who get artificial feeding; boys at the age of 1 - 3 injected with off-graded vaccine or not injected BCG at all; children from asocial families who have early and long-time contact with people discharging bacteria. The research shows that in the most cases with lethal outcome children didn't get proper treatment because of late diagnostics of a specific process; in some of the cases it was caused with polymorphic clinical finding, quick generalization of the process and progress of meningoencephalitis. The reason of death of 4 of the children with primary immunodeficiency is generalized BCG disease.Приведен сравнительный клинико-эпидемиологический анализ 54 случаев смерти детей больных туберкулезом в г. Екатеринбурге и Свердловской области за период с 1977 по 2010 гг. Цель исследования: выявить эпидемиологические, социальные, клинические, иммунологические особенности у умерших от туберкулеза детей. Среди умерших преобладали недоношенные дети, находившиеся на искусственном вскармливании, мальчики от 1 до 3 лет, не качественно вакцинированные или не привитые против туберкулеза, из асоциальных семей, имеющие ранний и длительный контакт с бактериовыделителями. Показано, что в большинстве летальных случаев туберкулеза дети не получали адекватного лечения из-за поздней диагностики специфического процесса, что в части случаев было обусловлено полиморфностью клинической картины, быстрой генерализацией процесса с развитием менингознцефалита. У 4 детей с первичными иммунодефицитами причиной смерти явилась генерализованная БЦЖ-инфекция

State of health of the children's population and prospects of development paediatrics service of the Udmurt republic

By the purpose of sectional examination was to reveal a modern state of health of the children's population, to spot prospects of development pediatric of a service of the Udmurt Republic. For reception of the information the traditional receptions and methods of study of a state of health of children regulated by effective legal basis were utilized. Fixed, that the state of health of the children's population of Udmurtiya is worsened, in connection with, than the introduction sparing health of technologies is necessary. By the reasons of progressive deterioration of health of children were an acceleration of stressful situations in daily life of children, intensification of educational process, deterioration of power supply of children, both in educational establishment, and in family, rising of a load on an organism of the child of the factors of ecological hazard, considerable propagation of abundance among children asocial and deviation of the shapes of behavior. The organizational and practical operation of an operating controls of public health services in the field of protection of a maternity and childhood is guided on maintenance of availability and rising of quality of a medical care to the women and children, down stroke of a maternal, children's and infantile case rate and mortalities, decrease of children’s physical inability.Целью данного исследования была оценка современного состояния здоровья детского населения, определение перспективы развития педиатрической службы Удмуртской Республики. Материалы и методы. Для получения информации использовались традиционные приемы и методы изучения состояния здоровья детей, регламентированные действующей нормативно-правовой базой. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что состояние здоровья детского населения Удмуртии ухудшается, в связи с чем, необходимо внедрение здоровьесберегающих технологий. Причинами прогрессивного ухудшения здоровья детей явились учащение стрессовых ситуаций в повседневной жизни детей, интенсификация учебного процесса, ухудшение качества питания детей, как в образовательном учреждении, так и в семье, повышение нагрузки на организм ребенка факторов экологического риска, значительный рост распространенности среди детей асоциальных и девиантных форм поведения. Организационная и практическая работа органов управления здравоохранения в области охраны материнства и детства должна быть направлена на обеспечение доступности и повышение качества медицинской помощи женщинам и детям, снижение материнской, детской и младенческой заболеваемости и смертности, уменьшение дет-ской инвалидности

The Caucasian-Arabian segment of the Alpine-Himalayan collisional belt: Geology, volcanism and neotectonics

The Caucasian-Arabian belt is part of the huge late Cenozoic Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt formed by collision of continental plates. The belt consists of two domains: the Caucasian-Arabian Syntaxis (CAS) in the south and the EW-striking Greater Caucasus in the north. The CAS marks a zone of the indentation of the Arabian plate into the southern East European Craton. The Greater Caucasus Range is located in the south of the Eurasian plate; it was tectonically uplifted along the Main Caucasian Fault (MCF), which is, in turn, a part of a megafault extended over a great distance from the Kopetdag Mts. to the Tornquist-Teisseyre Trans-European Suture Zone. The Caucasus Mts. are bounded by the Black Sea from the west and by the Caspian Sea from the east. The SN-striking CAS is characterized by a large geophysical isostatic anomaly suggesting presence of mantle plume head. A 500 km long belt of late Cenozoic volcanism in the CAS extends from the eastern Anatolia to the Lesser and Greater Caucasus ranges. This belt hosts two different types of volcanic rocks: (1) plume-type intraplate basaltic plateaus and (2) suprasubduction-type calc-alkaline and shoshonite-latite volcanic rocks. As the CAS lacks signatures of subduction zones and is characterized by relatively shallow earthquakes (50–60 km), we suggest that the “suprasubduction-type” magmas were derived by interaction between mantle plume head and crustal material. Those hybrid melts were originated under conditions of collision-related deformation. During the late Cenozoic, the width of the CAS reduced to ca. 400 km due to tectonic “diffluence” of crustal material provided by the continuing Arabia-Eurasia collision