Progress in the application of motor imagery training for full-cycle upper limb function rehabilitation of stroke patients

Stroke is a disease with a high disability rate， and often leads to limb dysfunction， especially upper limb motor dysfunction， which significantly affects the patients’ abilities and quality of life. With patients' increasing demand for functional recovery， various therapeutic techniques of rehabilitation medicine have been rapidly developed. As an important active central intervention technology， motor imagery training can be initiated by the patient's brain and activate the sensorimotor network to accelerate the repair of limb functions. The development of preventive medicine has promoted the continuous evolution of the concept of rehabilitation. The strategies of full cycle functional protection and disability prevention have been improved and developed in the clinical and scientific research practice of upper limb rehabilitation after stroke. The motor imagery training can activate the upper limb motor neural network in the early stage of stroke to prevent functional loss； In the recovery period， it can accelerate the neural function remodeling and reduce the upper limb disability； In the later stage after stroke， it can improve the performance of upper limb function in daily life， thus helping patients return to family life and society. This article reviews the research progress in recent years in China and abroad in the application of motor imagery training for the full cycle function protection and disability prevention of stroke

Metal source and hydrothermal evolution of the Jiaoxi quartz vein-type tungsten deposit (Tibet): Insights from textural and compositional variations of wolframite and scheelite

We evaluate the controlling factors of hydrothermal wolframite and scheelite precipitation in the quartz vein-type Jiaoxi tungsten deposit situated in the western part of the Lhasa terrane (Tibet, China) using texture, major and trace element mineral geochemistry, and sulfur stable isotope geochemistry. Pyrite and chalcopyrite that are intergrown with Fe-enriched wolframite and siderite, have distinct in situ S isotope compositions (δ34SV-CDT) of −31.38 to +1.77‰, and +2.07 to +2.30‰, respectively. Major and trace element contents and in situ S isotope compositions of pyrite and chalcopyrite indicate that the hydrothermal evolution involved fluid-fluid mixing and greisenization. We report evidence for an early magmatic fluid, which is characterized by the enrichment of W, Mn, Zr, Ti, Sc, and Sn and depletion of Fe. This magmatic fluid was diluted by meteoric water and interacted with biotite monzogranite porphyry to leach Fe, Mg, and Zn into the system to form wolframites with variable Fe/(Fe+Mn) ratios ranging between 0.06–0.84. The late Fe-enriched magmatic fluid released from the muscovite granite mixed with meteoric water that leached minor Fe and S from shale to form late shale-hosted wolframite with a Fe/(Fe+Mn) mass ratio of >0.75 and coeval siderite and sulfides. This study highlights that multiple Fe sources were present in the system, including muscovite granite-released Fe through fluid exsolution, biotite monzogranite porphyry-released Fe during greisenization, and minor Fe released from the shale as a result of meteoric water leaching

Angle-Only Cooperative Orbit Determination Considering Attitude Uncertainty

In this paper, a novel concept for cooperative orbit determination (OD) using inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements is proposed. Different from the conventional cooperative OD that only estimates orbit states, the attitude of the observer spacecraft is considered by incorporating the attitude into the estimated vector. The observability of a two-spacecraft system is analyzed based on the observability matrix. Observability analysis reveals that inter-spacecraft angle-only measurements are inadequate to estimate both the attitude and the orbit states in two-body dynamics. The observability of the two-spacecraft system can be improved by considering high-order gravitational perturbation or executing an attitude maneuver on the observer spacecraft. This is the first time that we present the observability analysis and orbit estimation results for a two-spacecraft system considering attitude uncertainty for the observer. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results in this paper can be potentially useful for autonomous managements of a spacecraft constellation and formation

A 45-element continuous facesheet surface micromachined deformable mirror for optical aberration correction

A 45-element continuous facesheet surface micromachined deformable mirror (DM) is presented and is fabricated using the PolyMUMPs multi-user micro-electro-mechanical system processes. The effects of the structural parameters on the characteristics of the DM, such as its stroke, frequency and actuator coupling, are analyzed. In addition, the DM design has also been verified through experimental testing. This DM prototype has a surface figure of 0.5 μm and a fill factor of 95%. The DM can provide a 0.6 μm stroke with 5.9% actuator coupling. A static aberration correction based on this DM is also demonstrated, which acts as a reference for the potential adaptive optics (AO) applications of the device

An Efficient Sampling-Based Path Planning for the Lunar Rover with Autonomous Target Seeking

This paper presents an efficient path planning method for the lunar rover to improve the autonomy and exploration ability in the complex and unstructured lunar surface environment. Firstly, the safe zone for the rover’s motion is defined, based on which a detecting point selection strategy is proposed to choose target positions that meet the rover’s constraints. Secondly, an improved sampling-based path planning method is proposed to get a safe path for the rover efficiently. Thirdly, a map extension strategy for the unstructured and continually varying environment is included to update the roadmap, which takes advantage of the historical planning information. Finally, the proposed method is tested in a complex lunar surface environment. Numerical results show that the appropriate detecting positions can be selected autonomously, while a safe path to the selected detecting position can be obtained with high efficiency and quality compared with the Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM) and A* search algorithm

The Research of Complex Product Design Process Model under the Concept of Self-Recovery

The working environment of contemporary mechanical products is becoming more complex, and the working conditions are becoming more extreme. This has led to a significant increase in the frequency of problems in mechanical products. In order to reduce the frequency of human repair after problems, the application of the self-recovery concept has become a hot research topic in the area of smart design. However, the current application of the self-recovery concept is mostly limited to the structural and parametric levels, with less research at the functional level, which may lead to a waste of resources within products. To solve this problem, this research combines the functional-level product research method with the self-recovery concept and establishes a design process model of complex products under functional self-recovery. This model extends the application scope of the self-recovery concept and improves the efficiency of resource utilization in the product. The design process model has six steps. First, according to the user requirements and the existing product, the initial function solving is carried out, and the initial function model of the product is established. Next, the main functions of the product are determined based on the initial function model of the product. Then, according to the determined main functions of the product, combined with the parameters marked in the function structure, the self-diagnosis function is designed. After that, the LT matrix and effect library are used to design the self-regulation function corresponding to the main functions, and the parameters are used to screen the self-regulation function design scheme. Finally, according to the design scheme of the self-diagnosis function and self-regulation function, the functional period oriented to self-recovery is constructed to ensure the realization of the main functions of the product. The effectiveness of the design process model is proved through the design process of an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system at the end of the paper

Study on Variable Stress Corrosion Susceptibility of Four Typical High-Strength Sucker Rods in High-Salinity Well Fluids

To study the corrosion characteristics of high-strength sucker rods in high-salinity well fluids under alternating stresses, a single-factor stress corrosion test was designed. The slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT) was carried out for four kinds of high-strength sucker rods under different Cl− and HCO3− concentrations and with different service strengths, and the variable stress corrosion cracking susceptibility was analyzed. The results show that the elongation loss and absorbed work loss of the H-grade ultra-high-strength 4330 sucker rod after stress corrosion are greater than those of both the high-strength 4142 sucker rod and the high-strength 20CrMoA sucker rod. The elongation and absorbed work loss of the 30CrMoA and 20CrMoA sucker rods are less affected by the changes in Cl− and HCO3−. With the increase in use strength, the elongation and absorbed work loss of the high-strength sucker rod increase. The change in the surface of the sucker rod during the corrosion process is inconsistent with the actual elongation of the sucker rod and the absorbed work loss. It can be concluded that the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the sucker rod is not necessarily related to the tensile strength of the sucker rod. The 4330 sucker rod is not suitable for applications in wells with a high concentration of Cl−, but it is suitable for operation in alkaline conditions where corrosive media such as HCO3− and Cl− coexist. Under highly corrosive and highly mineralized conditions, the 30CrMoA sucker rod is less susceptible to stress corrosion. The stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the 20CrMoA sucker rod is lower than that of the 4142 sucker rod. In high-salinity well fluids, the higher the use strength, the higher the stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of the high-strength sucker rod is. The test results for the weight-loss-based corrosion rate and plastic loss may contradict the determination of the corrosion susceptibility of the material under working conditions

The Research of Complex Product Design Process Model under the Concept of Self-Recovery

The working environment of contemporary mechanical products is becoming more complex, and the working conditions are becoming more extreme. This has led to a significant increase in the frequency of problems in mechanical products. In order to reduce the frequency of human repair after problems, the application of the self-recovery concept has become a hot research topic in the area of smart design. However, the current application of the self-recovery concept is mostly limited to the structural and parametric levels, with less research at the functional level, which may lead to a waste of resources within products. To solve this problem, this research combines the functional-level product research method with the self-recovery concept and establishes a design process model of complex products under functional self-recovery. This model extends the application scope of the self-recovery concept and improves the efficiency of resource utilization in the product. The design process model has six steps. First, according to the user requirements and the existing product, the initial function solving is carried out, and the initial function model of the product is established. Next, the main functions of the product are determined based on the initial function model of the product. Then, according to the determined main functions of the product, combined with the parameters marked in the function structure, the self-diagnosis function is designed. After that, the LT matrix and effect library are used to design the self-regulation function corresponding to the main functions, and the parameters are used to screen the self-regulation function design scheme. Finally, according to the design scheme of the self-diagnosis function and self-regulation function, the functional period oriented to self-recovery is constructed to ensure the realization of the main functions of the product. The effectiveness of the design process model is proved through the design process of an intelligent photovoltaic power generation system at the end of the paper

Effects of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin on Renal Function

Background: Several clinical trials have reported inconsistent findings for the effects of rosuvastatin (RSV) and atorvastatin (AN) on renal function. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of these 2 statins on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and proteinuria respectively, and determine which is better. Methods and Results: PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Knowledge, and ClinicalTrials.gov website were searched for randomized controlled trials. Eligible studies reported GFR and/or proteinuria during treatment with RSV or ATV compared with control (placebo, no statins, or usual care), or RSV compared with AN head to head. Trials that enrolled dialysis participants and teenagers were excluded. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the 12 statistic, and pooled results using the random-effects model. The standardized mean differences (SMD) and ratio of means (ROM) were measured, respectively, to analyze GFR and proteinuria. Sixteen trials with a total number of 24,278 participants were identified. Compared with control, changes in the SMD of GFR were 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.07) and 0.59 (95%CI: 0.12-1.06) for RSV and ATV, respectively. The ROMs of proteinuria were 0.59 (95%CI: 0.46-0.74) for RSV vs. the control group, and 1.23 (95%CI: 1.05-1.43) in the head-to-head comparison. Conclusions: Both RSV and ATV improve GFR, and ATV seems to be more effective in reducing proteinuria. The validity and clinical significance require high-quality intensive studies with composite clinic endpoints of kidney and death. (Circ J 2012; 76: 1259-1266)http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000303369800032&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Cardiac & Cardiovascular SystemsSCI(E)21ARTICLE51259-12667