Bell's Inequality and Entanglement in Qubits

We propose an alternative evaluation of quantum entanglement by measuring the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality without performing a partial trace operation. This proposal is demonstrated by bridging the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality and the concurrence of a pure state in an $n$-qubit system, in which one subsystem only contains one qubit and the state is a linear combination of two product states. We apply this relation to the ground states of four qubits in the Wen-Plaquette model and show that they are maximally entangled. A topological entanglement entropy of the Wen-Plaquette model could be obtained by relating the upper bound of the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality to the concurrences of a pure state with respect to different bipartitions.Comment: 10 page

Content-Based Approaches and Second Language Instruction

Integration of content-based instruction into an English curriculum based on communicative goals is suggested to better solve the problems of materials and syllabus design in Taiwan. Historical antecedents and the rationales for content-based instruction are reviewed to illustrate a modern perspective on the interwoven relationship between language and content learning. The project proposes a three-year content-based English program for Taiwan\u27s elementary and preschool students. A first year curriculum and model lessons for mathematics, science, social studies, and language arts are presented

Does Rational Bubbles Exist in the Taiwan Stock Market? Evidence from a Nonparametric Cointegration Test

In this study, we revisit the issue as to the presence of rational bubbles in the Taiwan stock market during the June 1991 to February 2005 period using the Bierens (1997) nonparametric cointegration tests. The results from the Bierens nonparametric cointegration test attest to the absence of rational bubbles in the Taiwan stock market.Rational Bubbles Taiwan Stock Market Nonparametric Cointegration Test

More Reliable Cloud Systems- A System Accounting Approach

Cloud computing has attracted more and more attention and has been used in more and more applications in many different fields. As we know, cloud computing delivers computing as a service. Its adoption widely depends upon the reliability of its systems. However, self-monitoring and adaptation are overlooked by most system designers and architects. Extant system accounting functionalities mainly focus on recent error causes, which is insufficient for long-term history analysis and event prediction. Our approach not only analyzes system events from both service consumers and providers, but also provides a layered composable system accounting framework in cloud computing environments. By self-monitoring, history analysis, event prediction and recovery, a new refined quality of reliability (QoR) for cloud computing is essentially provided. An implementation of this framework in an education services environment confirms the advantages over extant system accounting systems