Constrain intergalactic medium from the SZ effect map

In this paper, we try to detect the SZ effect in the 2MASS DWT clusters and less bound objects in order to constrain the warm-hot intergalactic medium distribution on large scales by cross-correlation analysis. The results of both observed WMAP and mock SZ effect map indicate that the hot gas distributes from inside as well as outside of the high density regions of galaxy clusters, which is consistent with the results of both observation and hydro simulation. Therefore, the DWT measurement of the cross-correlation would be a powerful tool to probe the missing of baryons in the Universe.Comment: 9 pages,2 figures. Accepted for publication in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Quad general tree drawing algorithm and general trees characterization: towards an environment for the experimental study on general tree drawing algorithms

Information visualization produces (interactive) visual representations of abstract data to reinforce human cognition and perception; thus enabling the viewer to gain knowledge about the internal structure of the data and causal relationships in it. The visualization of information hierarchies is concerned with the presentation of abstract hierarchical information about relationships between various entities. It has many applications in diverse domains such as software engineering, information systems, biology, and chemistry. Information hierarchies are typically modeled by an abstract tree, where vertices are entities and edges represent relationships between entities. The aim of visualizing tree drawings is to automatically produce drawings of trees which clearly reflect the relationships of the information hierarchy. This thesis is primarily concerned with introducing the new general tree drawing algorithm Quad that produces good visually distinguishable angles, and a characterization of general trees which allows us to classify general trees into several types based on their characteristics. Both of these topics are part of building an experimental study environment for the evaluation of drawing algorithms for general trees. The main achievements of this thesis include: 1. A study on characterization of general trees that aims to classify them into several types. 2. A tree drawing algorithm that produces visually distinguishable angles for high degree general trees with user specified angular coefficient

Bell's Inequality and Entanglement in Qubits

We propose an alternative evaluation of quantum entanglement by measuring the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality without performing a partial trace operation. This proposal is demonstrated by bridging the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality and the concurrence of a pure state in an $n$-qubit system, in which one subsystem only contains one qubit and the state is a linear combination of two product states. We apply this relation to the ground states of four qubits in the Wen-Plaquette model and show that they are maximally entangled. A topological entanglement entropy of the Wen-Plaquette model could be obtained by relating the upper bound of the maximum violation of the Bell's inequality to the concurrences of a pure state with respect to different bipartitions.Comment: 10 page

Molecular-bond hardening and dynamics of molecular stabilization and trapping in intense laser pulses

This is the published version, also available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.48.485.We extend our previous study [Chem. Phys. Lett. 197, 413 (1992)] of the molecular stabilization in intense laser fields by considering the dynamical behavior of the H+2 molecules in intense femtosecond short laser pulses at 775 nm. Significant stabilization and population trapping of high-lying vibrational states and chemical bond hardening are predicted for both continuous-wave (cw) lasers and short laser pulses. While the intensity dependences of the laser-induced stabilization are essentially the same for both cases, the detailed wave-packet localization dynamics is quite different. The correlation of the time-dependent dynamics with the time-independent Floquet complex quasienergy results, the probability for localization, the pulse-width dependence of molecular stabilization, the proton kinetic-energy spectrum, as well as the contrary dynamical response of low- and high-lying states, are studied at length for intense short laser pulses. In addition, the dynamic origin of ‘‘bond-softening’’ (for low-lying vibrational states) and ‘‘bond-hardening’’ (for high-lying vibrational states) effects in intense laser fields are explored