A Cyber-Physical Threat Analysis for Microgrids

SSD 2018, 15th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Hammamet, TUNISIE, 19-/03/2018 - 22/03/2018MicroGrids (MGS) are foreseen as a building block of the smart grid. They allow for the integration of distributed energy resources and storage within the conventional grid. This is partly possible through deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTS) within these structures. Therefore cyber security is a major concern for MGS. This paper investigates cyber-physical security aspects of the MG, including vulnerabilities and threat landscape. A cyber-physical security risk assessment is presented for evaluating impacts of exploiting existing vulnerabilities by potential threats on MG operations

GRACO: a geographic GReedy routing with an ACO-based void handling technique

Geographic routing has gained much attention as a basic routing primitive inwireless sensor networks due to its memory-less, scalability, efficiency and low overheadfeatures. Greedy forwarding is the simplest geographic routing scheme, it uses the distanceas a forwarding criterion. Nevertheless, it may suffer from communication holes, whereno next hop candidate is closer to the destination than the node currently holding thepacket. For this purpose, a void handling technique is needed to recover from the voidproblem and successfully deliver data packets if a path does exist between source anddestination nodes. Many approaches have been reported to solve this issue at the expenseof extra processing and or overhead. This paper proposes GRACO, an efficient geographicrouting protocol with a novel void recovery strategy based on ant colony optimization(ACO). GRACO is able to adaptively adjust the forwarding mechanism to avoid theblocking situation and effectively deliver data packets. Compared to GFG, one of the bestperforming geographic routing protocols, simulation results demonstrate that GRACOcan successfully find shorter routing paths with higher delivery rate, less control packetoverhead and shorter end-to-end delay

QoS-aware routing for real-time and reliable wireless sensor network based Smart Grid NAN communications

International audienceThe deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) within the conventional power grid has enabled new Smart Grid (SG) features and services. In this work, we focus on data routing within the distribution segment of the SG. We study communication requirements within this part of the power grid and we propose a classification of the data traffic based on Neighbourhood Area Network (NAN) communication requirements in terms of delays and reliability. Then, we introduce QoSGRACO, a routing protocol which takes account of the Quality of Service (QoS) of NAN’s traffic by using colouredpheromones ant colonies. We show, through simulations, that QoS-GRACO is able to satisfy NAN’s requirements, especially in terms of delay and reliability

Geographic GReedy routing with ACO recovery strategy GRACO

International audienceGeographic routing is an attractive routing strategy in wireless sensor networks. It works well in dense networks, but it may suffer from the void problem. For this purpose, a recovery step is required to guarantee packet delivery. Face routing has widely been used as a recovery strategy since proved to guarantee delivery. However, it relies on a planar graph not always achievable in realistic wireless networks and may generate long paths. In this paper, we propose GRACO, a new geographic routing algorithm that combines a greedy forwarding and a recovery strategy based on swarm intelligence. During recovery, ant packets search for alternative paths and drop pheromone trails to guide next packets within the network. GRACO avoids holes and produces near optimal paths. Simulation results demonstrate that GRACO leads to a significant improvement of routing performance and scalability when compared to the literature algorithms

Geographic Routing Protocol for Peer-to-Peer Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network

International audienceThe distribution segment of the power system is of great importance in the smart grid (SG). The deployment of ICT to support conventional grid will solve legacy problems that used to prevent implementation of smart services such as smart metering, demand side management or the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within the smart grid. In this contribution, GRACO, a new geographic routing algorithm is proposed to support exploitation of SG full potential. We demonstrate, through simulations,the effectiveness of GRACO in terms of scalability, peer-to-peer routing, end-to-end delay and delivery rate

A Scalable Geographic Routing Protocol for Virtual Power Plant Communications

International audienceICT is an enabling technology for the integration of distributed energy resources and storage (DERS) within the power grid as well as implementation for innovative services such as demand side management (DSM) and demand response (DR). Nevertheless, individual DERS are too small to be allowed access to energy market, likewise utilities are unable to effectively control and manage small DERS. Virtual power plants are a concept, that can solve this sparsity problem, they attempt to aggregate DERS to present them to the rest of the power grid as a unique technical and/or commercial entity. This contribution deals with ICT for the VPPs. It presents a novel geographic routing protocol that is able to support different control strategies for the VPPs and accommodate their dynamic structure with seamless enrollment and dis-enrollment of prosumers

Privacy preservation using game theory in e-health application

International audienceIn the domain of the new e-health applications, the ubiquitous nature of intelligent devices raises legitimate questions about the privacy of persons, and how to cope with the heterogeneity of user and application requirements in terms of security services. This requires the development of adaptive, context-aware and user-centric security solutions. Recent e-health applications (M2M/IoT/Web) permit remote monitoring of patient health, medical treatments, fitness information and parameters, alarm triggering, etc. Since the monitored device is tightly related to a human being, new changes arise regarding communications facilities constraints, private data protection, trust relationships, etc. In this work, we propose a Markovian game between data holder and data requester, in a weight loss program, to protect data privacy. We aim to reach a compromise between privacy concessions made by data holder and incentive motivation proposed by data requester. Finally, we show numerical results of executed experiments to evaluate the proposed model

Performance and Applicability of a new Geographic Routing Protocol for Virtual Power Plants

International audienceThe Smart Grid (SG) incorporates communication networks to the conventional electricity system in order to intelligently integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) and allow for demand side management. The move to Smart grid in developing countries has to cope with great disparities of ICT infrastructures even within the same city. Besides, individual DERs are often too small to be allowed access to energy market,likewise power utilities are unable to effectively control and manage small DERs. We propose the use of affordable and scalable wireless communication technology to aggregate geographically sparse DERs into a single virtual power plant. The enrollment of prosumers in the VPP is conditional to financial performance of the plant. Thus, the VPPs are dynamic and are expected to scale up as more and more prosumers are attracted by their financial benefits. the communication network has to follow this progression and therefore to be scalable and rapidly deploy-able.We present a routing algorithm for data communication within the VPP to support centralized, decentralized or fully distributedcontrol of the VPP’s DERs

A systemic and cognitive vision for IoT security: a case study of military live simulation and security challenges

International audienc