Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie in Heidelberg: fünfter Bericht zur Umsetzung der Dienstvereinbarung zur Förderung der Gleichstellung von Frauen und Männern ; Ergebnisse einer schriftlichen Befragung von Ämtern und anderen Einrichtungen des Öffentlichen Dienstes in Heidelberg

"Stereotype Rollenerwartungen und die ungleiche Verantwortungsübernahme durch Frauen und Männer für die Erziehungs-, Fürsorge- und Pflegeverpflichtungen gegenüber Kindern und alten Menschen vor allem im familiären Bereich bleiben eine wesentliche Quelle für die unzureichende Einlösung der Chancengleichheit zwischen den Geschlechtern im Erwerbsleben. Dies schlägt sich nieder in einer geringeren Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen, ihrer Überrepräsentanz bei Teilzeitstellen und diskontinuierlichen Erwerbsverläufen wie auch in ihrer Unterrepräsentanz in Führungspositionen. Es schlägt sich ebenfalls nieder in der hohen Konzentration bei Frauen auf wenige, vorwiegend schlechter bezahlte Berufe und einer Unterrepräsentanz von Männern in Berufen der Pflege, Erziehung und Bildung von Kindern, insbesondere kleineren Kindern. Alle Faktoren sind in hohem Maße ausschlaggebend für ein erhebliches Entgeltgefälle im Geschlechterverhältnis, in dessen Folge weniger Frauen als Männer ihren Lebensunterhalt aus eigenem Einkommen bestreiten können. Für die Lösung dieses Problemkomplexes ist besonders erheblich, wie die Vereinbarkeit von Elternschaft, zunehmend auch die Pflege von Angehörigen, mit den Anforderungen von Beruf und Karriere tatsächlich gelingen kann. Wir dürfen dieses Thema nicht nur aus der Perspektive von Müttern überdenken. Spätestens die Einführung der Elternzeit für beide Elternteile hat sichtbar gemacht, dass Väter sich vermehrt der Familie widmen wollen. Außerdem müssen wir die Vielfalt an familiären Lebensformen berücksichtigen, bei denen es für jeden Elternteil selbstverständlich ist, Vollzeit zu arbeiten. Dazu gehören Patchworkfamilien, Wohn- und Lebensgemeinschaften oder Lebenspartnerschaften mit Kindern genauso wie Ein-Eltern-Familien." (Textauszug

Contractile properties of the right atrial myofilaments in patients with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration

BACKGROUND: Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve is a common pathological finding in mitral valve surgery and the most common reason for severe mitral valve regurgitation. Considering the importance of right ventricular remodeling and global function after mitral valve surgery we tried to elucidate a possible association of myxomatous mitral valve and impairment of right atrial and ventricular function, which might have an impact on global ventricular performance after mitral valve surgery. METHODS: Right atrial tissue was harvested from 47 patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. We took the trabeculae from the right auricle, which was resected at the right auricle for implementation of extracorporal circulation. The tissue was skinned and prepared in a 24 h-lasting procedure to create small fibers for hinging them in the "muscle machine", an experimental set-up, created for pCa-force measurements. RESULTS: Patients without myxomatous mitral valve developed significantly more force (4.0 mN ± 0.8 mN) at the highest step of calcium concentration compared to 2.7 mN ± 0.4 mN in group of patients with myxomatous valve degeneration (p 0.03). Calcium sensitivity in the myxomatous valve group was at pCa 6.0 and in the non-myxomatous group at pCa 5. Furthermore we observed a significant difference in ejection fraction (EF) among the groups: 49% in the non-myxomatous group versus 57% in the myxomatous group (p 0.03). In the non-myxomatous group 5 patients had diastolic dysfunction grade I-II (22,7%), in group I 10 patients (40%). This was also significant (p 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration seem to have reduced force capacities. Calcium sensitivity is higher compared to the non-myxomatous group, which might be a compensatory mechanism to cover the physiological demand. Furthermore we suggest a higher incidence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, which might have an impact on ventricular remodeling after mitral valve surgery

Effect of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat NRK-52E and human HEK-293 kidney cells in vitro

Heavy metals pose a potential health risk to humans when they enter the organism. Renal excretion is one of the elimination pathways and, therefore, investigations with kidney cells are of particular interest. In the present study, the effects of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on rat and human renal cells were investigated in vitro. A combination of microscopic, biochemical, analytical, and spectroscopic methods was used to assess cell viability, cell death mechanisms, and intracellular metal uptake of exposed cells as well as metal speciation in cell culture medium and inside cells. For Eu(III) and U(VI), cytotoxicity and intracellular uptake are positively correlated and depend on concentration and exposure time. An enhanced apoptosis occurs upon Eu(III) exposure whereas U(VI) exposure leads to enhanced apoptosis and (secondary) necrosis. In contrast to that, Ba(II) exhibits no cytotoxic effect at all and its intracellular uptake is time-independently very low. In general, both cell lines give similar results with rat cells being more sensitive than human cells. The dominant binding motifs of Eu(III) in cell culture medium as well as cell suspensions are (organo-) phosphate groups. Additionally, a protein complex is formed in medium at low Eu(III) concentration. In contrast, U(VI) forms a carbonate complex in cell culture medium as well as each one phosphate and carbonate complex in cell suspensions. Using chemical microscopy, Eu(III) was localized in granular, vesicular compartments near the nucleus and the intracellular Eu(III) species equals the one in cell suspensions. Overall, this study contributes to a better understanding of the interactions of Ba(II), Eu(III), and U(VI) on a cellular and molecular level. Since Ba(II) and Eu(III) serve as inactive analogs of the radioactive Ra(II) and Am(III)/Cm(III), the results of this study are also of importance for the health risk assessment of these radionuclides

Myokines and Resistance Training : A Narrative Review

In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved in anti-inflammatory, metabolic and immunological processes. These are able to influence human health in a positive way and are a target of research in metabolic diseases, cancer, neurological diseases, and other non-communicable diseases. Therefore, different types of exercise training were investigated in the last few years to find associations between exercise, myokines and their effects on human health. Particularly, resistance training turned out to be a powerful stimulus to enhance myokine release. As there are different types of resistance training, different myokines are stimulated, depending on the mode of training. This narrative review gives an overview about resistance training and how it can be utilized to stimulate myokine production in order to gain a certain health effect. Finally, the question of why resistance training is an important key regulator in human health will be discussed

Эмоциональный интеллект и необходимость его оценки при приеме сотрудника на работу

В статье поставлена задача изучения понятия "эмоциональный интеллект", выявление необходимости его оценки и учета при приеме на работу. Для решения данной задачи проведен анализ влияния уровня эмоционального интеллекта на работоспособность сотрудника, изучены исследования зарубежных психологов в данной области. Кроме этого, рассмотрен опыт зарубежных и отечественных компаний поиспользованию фактора эмоционального интеллекта в своей деятельности, в том числе при приеме на работу сотрудников

MemPrep, a new technology for isolating organellar membranes provides fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress

Biological membranes have a stunning ability to adapt their composition in response to physiological stress and metabolic challenges. Little is known how such perturbations affect individual organelles in eukaryotic cells. Pioneering work has provided insights into the subcellular distribution of lipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the composition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, which also crucially regulates lipid metabolism and the unfolded protein response, remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we describe a method for purifying organelle membranes from yeast, MemPrep. We demonstrate the purity of our ER membrane preparations by proteomics, and document the general utility of MemPrep by isolating vacuolar membranes. Quantitative lipidomics establishes the lipid composition of the ER and the vacuolar membrane. Our findings provide a baseline for studying membrane protein biogenesis and have important implications for understanding the role of lipids in regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The combined preparative and analytical MemPrep approach uncovers dynamic remodeling of ER membranes in stressed cells and establishes distinct molecular fingerprints of lipid bilayer stress.This work was funded by the VW foundation (Life?, #93089, #93092, #93090) to RE, MS, and JS, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in the framework of the SFB894 to RE and the SFB1027 to both JH and RE, and by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 866011) to RE. MS is an incumbent of the Dr. Gilbert Omenn and Martha Darling Professorial Chair in Molecular Genetics

Investigation and management of osteoporosis in aged trauma patients: a treatment algorithm adapted to the German guidelines for osteoporosis

Background: Osteoporosis-associated fractures are of increasing importance in trauma surgery. Systematic diagnostics and treatment of osteoporosis during a hospital stay, however, remain inadequate. Therefore, a specific algorithm for diagnosing and treating osteoporosis in trauma surgery patients was developed based on the DVO (German Osteology Society) guideline for osteoporosis from 2014. Methods: In a first step, the individuals' age and risk profile for osteoporosis is identified considering specific fractures indicating osteoporosis and risk factors assessed by a specific questionnaire. In addition, physical activity, risk of falls, dietary habits and the individuals' medication are considered. Basic osteoporosis laboratory tests, a bone densitometry by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and, if needed, X-rays of the spine are carried out to identify prevalent vertebral body fractures. Results: Based on the treatment algorithm adapted to the new guidelines for osteoporosis in the majority of proximal femoral fractures, treatment of osteoporosis could already be indicated without prior DXA. In case of preexisting glucocorticoid therapy, a history of previous fractures or other risk factors according to the risk questionnaire, the threshold of treatment has to be adjusted given the table of T-scores. Conclusions: The treatment algorithm for diagnosing and treating osteoporosis in in-patient trauma surgery patients can help identify high-risk patients systematically and efficiently. As a result, osteoporosis-associated fractures or failure of osteosynthesis could be reduced, yet a prospective validation of the algorithm has to be completed