Projeto Piwkeyewün: Lineamentos para o co-design de sistemas de cultivo vegetal tecnológico indígena

El Proyecto Piwkeyewün busca generar una metodología para que diferentes colectivos indígenas ideen y representen formas de cultivo vegetal que, sin dejar de articular lógicas, prácticas y sentidos culturalmente significativos, incorporen materiales contemporáneos y elementos provenientes de tendencias tecnológicas (digitalidad e «internet de las cosas»). A través de estas acciones nos preguntamos por las condiciones de posibilidad de las expresiones materiales indígenas actuales, su relación con discursos asociados a la ancestralidad y por los posibles diálogos entre cosmovisión y tecnología. El siguiente artículo expone cruces entre las disciplinas del diseño y la antropología, utilizando como eje articulador el contexto e historia del pueblo mapuche en Chile, mediante el análisis de los resultados de un taller aplicado de diseño, desarrollado en un contexto universitario durante el año 2021, donde se aborda, mediante actividades lectivas y prácticas, diversos componentes identitarios, ambientales, materiales, territoriales, tecnológicos y de diseño.The Piwkeyewün Project aims to generate a methodology for different indigenous groups to devise and represent forms of vegetable cultivation that, while articulating culturally significant logics, practices, and meanings, incorporate contemporary materials and elements from technological trends (digitality and the «internet of things»). With these actions, we ask ourselves about the conditions of possibility of the current indigenous material expressions, their relationship with discourses associated with ancestry, and the possible dialogues between worldview and technology. The following article exposes intersections between the disciplines of design and anthropology, using the context and history of the Mapuche people in Chile as the articulating axis, with an analysis of the results of a participatory design workshop, developed in a university context during the year 2021, where several identity, environmental, material, territorial, technological and design components are addressed through teaching activities and proposals.O Projeto Piwkeyewün procura gerar uma metodologia para que diferentes coletivos indígenas ideiem e representem formas de cultivo vegetal que, sem deixar de articular lógicas, práticas e sentidos culturalmente significativos, incorporem materiais contemporâneos e elementos procedentes de tendências tecnológicas (digitalidade e «internet das coisas»). Através destas ações nos perguntamos pelas condições de possibilidade das expresões materiais indígenas atuais, sua relação com discursos associados à ancestralidade e pelos possíveis diálogos entre cosmovisão e tecnologia. O seguinte artigo expõe cruzamentos entre as disciplinas do design e a antropologia, utilizando como eixo articulador o contexto e historia do povo mapuche em Chile, mediante o análise dos resultados de um workshop aplicado de design, desenvolvido num contexto universtitário durante o ano 2021, onde são abordados, mediante atividades lectivas e práticas, diversos componentes identitários, ambientais, materiais, territoriais, tecnológicos e de design

Early rise in central venous pressure during a spontaneous breathing trial: A promising test to identify patients at high risk of weaning failure?

Background The spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) assesses the risk of weaning failure by evaluating some physiological responses to the massive venous return increase imposed by discontinuing positive pressure ventilation. This trial can be very demanding for some critically ill patients, inducing excessive physical and cardiovascular stress, including muscle fatigue, heart ischemia and eventually cardiac dysfunction. Extubation failure with emergency reintubation is a serious adverse consequence of a failed weaning process. Some data suggest that as many as 50% of patients that fail weaning do so because of cardiac dysfunction. Unfortunately, monitoring cardiovascular function at the time of the SBT is complex. The aim of our study was to explore if central venous pressure (CVP) changes were related to weaning failure after starting an SBT. We hypothesized that an early rise on CVP could signal a cardiac failure when handling a massive increase on venous return following a discontinuation of positive pressure ventilation. This CVP rise could identify a subset of patients at high risk for extubation failure. Methods Two-hundred and four mechanically ventilated patients in whom an SBT wa

Self Assessment in Insects: Honeybee Queens Know Their Own Strength

Contests mediate access to reproductive opportunities in almost all species of animals. An important aspect of the evolution of contests is the reduction of the costs incurred during intra-specific encounters to a minimum. However, escalated fights are commonly lethal in some species like the honeybee, Apis mellifera. By experimentally reducing honeybee queens' fighting abilities, we demonstrate that they refrain from engaging in lethal contests that typically characterize their reproductive dominance behavior and coexist peacefully within a colony. This suggests that weak queens exploit an alternative reproductive strategy and provides an explanation for rare occurrences of queen cohabitation in nature. Our results further indicate that self-assessment, but not mutual assessment of fighting ability occurs prior to and during the agonistic encounters

Transposable Elements Are a Major Cause of Somatic Polymorphism in Vitis vinifera L.

Through multiple vegetative propagation cycles, clones accumulate mutations in somatic cells that are at the origin of clonal phenotypic diversity in grape. Clonal diversity provided clones such as Cabernet-Sauvignon N°470, Chardonnay N° 548 and Pinot noir N° 777 which all produce wines of superior quality. The economic impact of clonal selection is therefore very high: since approx. 95% of the grapevines produced in French nurseries originate from the French clonal selection. In this study we provide the first broad description of polymorphism in different clones of a single grapevine cultivar, Pinot noir, in the context of vegetative propagation. Genome sequencing was performed using 454 GS-FLX methodology without a priori, in order to identify and quantify for the first time molecular polymorphisms responsible for clonal variability in grapevine. New generation sequencing (NGS) was used to compare a large portion of the genome of three Pinot noir clones selected for their phenotypic differences. Reads obtained with NGS and the sequence of Pinot noir ENTAV-INRA® 115 sequenced by Velasco et al., were aligned on the PN40024 reference sequence. We then searched for molecular polymorphism between clones. Three types of polymorphism (SNPs, Indels, mobile elements) were found but insertion polymorphism generated by mobile elements of many families displayed the highest mutational event with respect to clonal variation. Mobile elements inducing insertion polymorphism in the genome of Pinot noir were identified and classified and a list is presented in this study as potential markers for the study of clonal variation. Among these, the dynamic of four mobile elements with a high polymorphism level were analyzed and insertion polymorphism was confirmed in all the Pinot clones registered in France

Prevalence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

Background. The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter study enrolling adult patients coming from the community with pneumonia and hospitalized in 222 hospitals in 54 countries worldwide. Risk factors for immunocompromise included AIDS, aplastic anemia, asplenia, hematological cancer, chemotherapy, neutropenia, biological drug use, lung transplantation, chronic steroid use, and solid tumor. Results. At least 1 risk factor for immunocompromise was recorded in 18% of the 3702 patients enrolled. The prevalences of risk factors significantly differed across continents and countries, with chronic steroid use (45%), hematological cancer (25%), and chemotherapy (22%) the most common. Among immunocompromised patients, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogens were the most frequently identified, and prevalences did not differ from those in immunocompetent patients. Risk factors for immunocompromise were independently associated with neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor non\u2013community-acquired bacteria. Specific risk factors were independently associated with fungal infections (odds ratio for AIDS and hematological cancer, 15.10 and 4.65, respectively; both P = .001), mycobacterial infections (AIDS; P = .006), and viral infections other than influenza (hematological cancer, 5.49; P < .001). Conclusions. Our findings could be considered by clinicians in prescribing empiric antibiotic therapy for CAP in immunocompromised patients. Patients with AIDS and hematological cancer admitted with CAP may have higher prevalences of fungi, mycobacteria, and noninfluenza viruses

Proyecto Piwkeyewün: lineamientos para el co-diseño de sistemas de cultivo vegetal tecnológico indígena

The Piwkeyewün Project aims to generate a methodology for different indigenous groups to devise and represent forms of vegetable cultivation that, while articulating culturally significant logics, practices, and meanings, incorporate contemporary materials and elements from technological trends (digitality and the «internet of things»). With these actions, we ask ourselves about the conditions of possibility of the current indigenous material expressions, their relationship with discourses associated with ancestry, and the possible dialogues between worldview and technology. The following article exposes intersections between the disciplines of design and anthropology, using the context and history of the Mapuche people in Chile as the articulating axis, with an analysis of the results of a participatory design workshop, developed in a university context during the year 2021, where several identity, environmental, material, territorial, technological and design components are addressed through teaching activities and proposals.O Projeto Piwkeyewün procura gerar uma metodologia para que diferentes coletivos indígenas ideiem e representem formas de cultivo vegetal que, sem deixar de articular lógicas, práticas e sentidos culturalmente significativos, incorporem materiais contemporâneos e elementos procedentes de tendências tecnológicas (digitalidade e «internet das coisas»). Através destas ações nos perguntamos pelas condições de possibilidade das expresões materiais indígenas atuais, sua relação com discursos associados à ancestralidade e pelos possíveis diálogos entre cosmovisão e tecnologia. O seguinte artigo expõe cruzamentos entre as disciplinas do design e a antropologia, utilizando como eixo articulador o contexto e historia do povo mapuche em Chile, mediante o análise dos resultados de um workshop aplicado de design, desenvolvido num contexto universtitário durante o ano 2021, onde são abordados, mediante atividades lectivas e práticas, diversos componentes identitários, ambientais, materiais, territoriais, tecnológicos e de design.El Proyecto Piwkeyewün busca generar una metodología para que diferentes colectivos indígenas ideen y representen formas de cultivo vegetal que, sin dejar de articular lógicas, prácticas y sentidos culturalmente significativos, incorporen materiales contemporáneos y elementos provenientes de tendencias tecnológicas (digitalidad e «internet de las cosas»). A través de estas acciones nos preguntamos por las condiciones de posibilidad de las expresiones materiales indígenas actuales, su relación con discursos asociados a la ancestralidad y por los posibles diálogos entre cosmovisión y tecnología. El siguiente artículo expone cruces entre las disciplinas del diseño y la antropología, utilizando como eje articulador el contexto e historia del pueblo mapuche en Chile, mediante el análisis de los resultados de un taller aplicado de diseño, desarrollado en un contexto universitario durante el año 2021, donde se aborda, mediante actividades lectivas y prácticas, diversos componentes identitarios, ambientales, materiales, territoriales, tecnológicos y de diseño

Identification and molecular characterization of five putative toxins from the venom gland of the snake Philodryas chamissonis (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)

Artículo de publicación ISIPhilodryas chamissonis is a rear-fanged snake endemic to Chile. Its bite produces mild to moderate symptoms with proteolytic and anti-coagulant effects. Presently, the composition of the venom, as well as, the biochemical and structural characteristics of its toxins, remains unknown. In this study, we cloned and reported the first full-length sequences of five toxin-encoding genes from the venom gland of this species: Type III snake venom metalloprotease (SVMP), snake venom serine protease (SVSP), Cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP), alpha and beta subunits of C-type lectin-like protein (CLP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (NP). These genes are highly expressed in the venom gland and their sequences exhibited a putative signal peptide, suggesting that these are components of the venom. These putative toxins had different evolutionary relationships with those reported for some front-fanged snakes, being SVMP, SVSP and CRISP of P. chamissonis closely related to the toxins present in Elapidae species, while NP was more related to those of Viperidae species. In addition, analyses suggest that the alpha and beta subunits of CLP of P. chamissonis might have a alpha-subunit scaffold in common with Viperidae species, whose highly variable C-terminal region might have allowed the diversification in a and (I subunits. Our results provide the first molecular description of the toxins possibly implicated in the envenomation of prey and humans by the bite of P. chamissonis.FONDECYT 1120254 1120181 3130742 311012

Preload responsiveness–guided fluid removal in mechanically ventilated patients with fluid overload:A comprehensive clinical–physiological study

This study investigated fluid removal strategies for critically ill patients with fluid overload on mechanical ventilation. Traditionally, a negative fluid balance (FB) is aimed for. However, this approach can have drawbacks. Here, we compared a new approach, namely removing fluids until patients become fluid responsive (FR) to the traditional empiric negative balance approach. Twelve patients were placed in each group (n = 24). FR assessment was performed using passive leg raising (PLR). Both groups maintained stable blood pressure and heart function during fluid management. Notably, the FR group weaned from the ventilator significantly faster than negative FB group (both for a spontaneous breathing trial (14 h vs. 36 h, p = 0.031) and extubation (26 h vs. 57 h, p = 0.007); the difference in total ventilator time wasn't statistically significant (49 h vs. 62 h, p = 0.065). Additionally, FR group avoided metabolic problems like secondary alkalosis and potential hypokalemia seen in the negative FB group. FR-guided fluid-removal in fluid overloaded mechanically ventilated patients was a feasible, safe, and maybe superior strategy in facilitating weaning and disconnection from mechanical ventilation than negative FB-driven fluid removal. FR is a safe endpoint for optimizing cardiac function and preventing adverse consequences during fluid removal.</p