1,561 research outputs found
Quenching of lamellar ordering in an n-alkane embedded in nanopores
We present an X-ray diffraction study of the normale alkane nonadecane
C_{19}H_{40} embedded in nanoporous Vycor glass. The confined molecular crystal
accomplishes a close-packed structure by alignment of the rod-like molecules
parallel to the pore axis while sacrificing one basic principle known from the
bulk state, i.e. the lamellar ordering of the molecules. Despite this disorder,
the phase transitions observed in the confined solid mimic the phase behavior
of the 3D unconfined crystal, though enriched by the appearance of a true
rotator phase known only from longer alkane chains.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
CP violation in
We study CP violation in decay.
This decay provides a good place to look for CP violation. Some observables are
very sensitive to the electric dipole moment and
therefore can be used to improve the experimental upper bound on .
CP violations in the lepton pair decays of and are also
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, UM-P-92/113, OZ-92/3
Irreversible Quantum Mechanics in the Neutral K-System
The neutral Kaon system is used to test the quantum theory of resonance
scattering and decay phenomena. The two dimensional Lee-Oehme-Yang theory with
complex Hamiltonian is obtained by truncating the complex basis vector
expansion of the exact theory in Rigged Hilbert space. This can be done for K_1
and K_2 as well as for K_S and K_L, depending upon whether one chooses the
(self-adjoint, semi-bounded) Hamiltonian as commuting or non-commuting with CP.
As an unexpected curiosity one can show that the exact theory (without
truncation) predicts long-time 2 pion decays of the neutral Kaon system even if
the Hamiltonian conserves CP.Comment: 36 pages, 1 PostScript figure include
CP Violation in Fermion Pair Decays of Neutral Boson Particles
We study CP violation in fermion pair decays of neutral boson particles with
spin 0 or 1. We study a new asymmetry to measure CP violation in decays and discuss the possibility of measuring it
experimentally. For the spin-1 particles case, we study CP violation in the
decays of to octet baryon pairs. We show that these decays can
be used to put stringent constraints on the electric dipole moments of
, and .Comment: 14p, OZ-93/22, UM-93/89, OITS 51
Semiclassical Extremal Blackholes
Extremal black holes are studied in a two dimensional model motivated by a
dimensional reduction from four dimensions. Their quantum corrected geometry is
calculated semiclassically and a mild singularity is shown to appear at the
horizon.
Extensions of the geometry past the horizon are not unique but there are
continuations free from malevolent singularities. A few comments are made about
the relevance of these results to four dimensions and to the study of black
hole entropy and information loss.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures upon request, CALT-68-1833 - (new version
corrects omissions in previous list of references
Genetic differences in the frequency of the hinge variants of porcine IgA is breed dependent
The distribution of the IgAa and IgAb alleles of porcine IgA in over 160 randomly-selected animals revealed an abundance of heterozygotes but only two b/b homozygotes. Since the IgAb allotype is a splice site mutant lacking two-thirds of the hinge, this study tests the hypothesis that pigs with this genotype may be at a selective disadvantage while heterozygous individuals may be at some advantage.
This hypothesis was tested by collecting data on 374 animals of known breed and often parentage. We show here that when breed was not considered, young animals of known parentage had genotypic frequencies identical to that expected for Mendelian alleles but that a/b heterozygotes were overrepresented in adults. However, when analyzed with regard to breed, a very strong association between breed and the frequency of the IgAa and IgAb alleles was discovered. Meishan and NIH minipigs were homozygous for IgA while heterozygotes predominated in Berkshire, Chester White, Durocs, Hampshire and Landrace. Animals homozygous for IgAb were best represented in the White Cross line. We show here that this very strong breed dependency of IgA allotypy in swine can produce a sample bias that can explain why only two b/b homozygotes (1.3%) were found in the 160 randomly-selected samples since the original samples came from primarily Landrace and Yorkshire animals. The expected frequency of b/b homozygotes in these breeds would be \u3c3%. Thus, the data presented here reject the hypothesis that swine homozygous for a trait that results in loss of two-thirds of the IgA hinge, are selected against and that heterozygotes are positively selected. Rather, the study shows that IgAa and IgAb appear to be simple, breed-dependent allotypic markers
The Origin of Time Asymmetry
It is argued that the observed Thermodynamic Arrow of Time must arise from
the boundary conditions of the universe. We analyse the consequences of the no
boundary proposal, the only reasonably complete set of boundary conditions that
has been put forward. We study perturbations of a Friedmann model containing a
massive scalar field but our results should be independent of the details of
the matter content. We find that gravitational wave perturbations have an
amplitude that remains in the linear regime at all times and is roughly time
symmetric about the time of maximum expansion. Thus gravitational wave
perturbations do not give rise to an Arrow of Time. However density
perturbations behave very differently. They are small at one end of the
universe's history, but grow larger and become non linear as the universe gets
larger. Contrary to an earlier claim, the density perturbations do not get
small again at the other end of the universe's history. They therefore give
rise to a Thermodynamic Arrow of Time that points in a constant direction while
the universe expands and contracts again. The Arrow of Time does not reverse at
the point of maximum expansion. One has to appeal to the Weak Anthropic
Principle to explain why we observe the Thermodynamic Arrow to agree with the
Cosmological Arrow, the direction of time in which the universe is expanding.Comment: 41 pages, DAMTP R92/2
Aging in humid granular media
Aging behavior is an important effect in the friction properties of solid
surfaces. In this paper we investigate the temporal evolution of the static
properties of a granular medium by studying the aging over time of the maximum
stability angle of submillimetric glass beads. We report the effect of several
parameters on these aging properties, such as the wear on the beads, the stress
during the resting period, and the humidity content of the atmosphere. Aging
effects in an ethanol atmosphere are also studied. These experimental results
are discussed at the end of the paper.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
Fully supersymmetric CP violations in the kaon system
We show that, on the contrary to the usual claims, fully supersymmetric CP
violations in the kaon system are possible through the gluino mediated flavor
changing interactions. Both and can be accommodated for relatively large without any
fine tunings or contradictions to the FCNC and EDM constraints.Comment: Contribution to the Proceedings of ICHEP2000, Osaka, 200
Geometry dominated fluid adsorption on sculptured substrates
Experimental methods allow the shape and chemical composition of solid
surfaces to be controlled at a mesoscopic level. Exposing such structured
substrates to a gas close to coexistence with its liquid can produce quite
distinct adsorption characteristics compared to that occuring for planar
systems, which may well play an important role in developing technologies such
as super-repellent surfaces or micro-fluidics. Recent studies have concentrated
on adsorption of liquids at rough and heterogeneous substrates and the
characterisation of nanoscopic liquid films. However, the fundamental effect of
geometry has hardly been addressed. Here we show that varying the shape of the
substrate can exert a profound influence on the adsorption isotherms allowing
us to smoothly connect wetting and capillary condensation through a number of
novel and distinct examples of fluid interfacial phenomena. This opens the
possibility of tailoring the adsorption properties of solid substrates by
sculpturing their surface shape.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
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