A simple reversed phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for determination of Carvedilol in pharmaceutical dosage forms

A simple, sensitive and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of Carvedilol in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic determination was performed on a reversed phase C 18 column (4.5 mm x 250 mm; 5 m particle size) using a mixture of Phosphate buffer: Acetonitrile (65:35) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1ml/min with UV detection at 240 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, repeatability, precision, reproducibility, and specificity as per International ICH guidelines. The method was also used in determination Carvedilol content in five commercial brands available in Bangladeshi market. The method was linear in the range between 5 35 g/ml, exhibited good correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.998) and good Accuracy study (98.08 %-99.91%). The method was found to specific for Carvedilol in presence of common excipients. Statistical analysis performed with proposed method proved it to be precise, accurate and reproducible. Hence it can be employed for routine analysis of Carvedilol both in bulk and commercial formulations

In Vitro Membrane Stabilizing and Thrombolytic Activities of Ophirrhiza mungos, Mussaenda macrophylla, Gmelina philippensis and Synedrella nodiflora Growing in Bangladesh

The methanol extracts and their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of Ophirrhiza mungos, Mussaenda macrophylla, Gmelina philippensis and Synedrella nodiflorawere subjected to assays for membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities. The extractives inhibited heat- as well as hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro. The pet-ether soluble fraction of O. mungos, M. macrophylla and S. nodiflora demonstrated 61.16 % & 24.75%, 52.55% & 23.35% and 60.24% & 22.85% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution and heat, whereas the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of G. philippensis showed 49.05% and 21.25% inhibition of hypotonic and heat induced hemolysis of RBC, respectively. Here, acetyl salicylic acid was used as reference standard at 0.10 mg/mL. Among the four plants, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of O. mungos, methanol extract of M. macrophylla, carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of G. philippensis and chloroform soluble fraction of S. nodiflora revealed highest thrombolytic activity with clot lysis value of 50.09%, 49.50%, 47.14% and 46.37%, respectively. Standard streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative controls which showed 65.00% and 3.84% lysis of clot, respectively

In Vitro Membrane Stabilizing and Thrombolytic Activities of Ophirrhiza mungos, Mussaenda macrophylla, Gmelina philippensis and Synedrella nodiflora Growing in Bangladesh

The methanol extracts and their pet-ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates of Ophirrhiza mungos, Mussaenda macrophylla, Gmelina philippensis and Synedrella nodiflorawere subjected to assays for membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic activities. The extractives inhibited heat- as well as hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro. The pet-ether soluble fraction of O. mungos, M. macrophylla and S. nodiflora demonstrated 61.16 % & 24.75%, 52.55% & 23.35% and 60.24% & 22.85% inhibition of hemolysis of RBC caused by hypotonic solution and heat, whereas the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of G. philippensis showed 49.05% and 21.25% inhibition of hypotonic and heat induced hemolysis of RBC, respectively. Here, acetyl salicylic acid was used as reference standard at 0.10 mg/mL. Among the four plants, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of O. mungos, methanol extract of M. macrophylla, carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of G. philippensis and chloroform soluble fraction of S. nodiflora revealed highest thrombolytic activity with clot lysis value of 50.09%, 49.50%, 47.14% and 46.37%, respectively. Standard streptokinase and water were used as positive and negative controls which showed 65.00% and 3.84% lysis of clot, respectively

Screening of plasma IL-6 and IL-17 in Bangladeshi lung cancer patients

Lung cancer is responsible for causing one of the highest numbers of cancer deaths. In Bangladesh, both men and women are affected by lung cancer, and environmental contaminants are believed to be one of the main risk factors apart from smoking. The diagnosis of lung cancer is difficult due to the delicate structure and complexity of the lungs. Diagnosis in later stages results in a poor prognosis of the disease. Tissue biopsy is the most reliable way of identifying lung cancer, but it is invasive and requires identification of the primary neoplasm within the lungs. As inflammation is involved in carcinogenesis, circulating levels of cytokines might be elevated in patients during the early stages of cancer. Increased IL-6 levels have been associated with the promotion of tumor growth, and IL-17 is believed to aid metastasis of lung cancer. In this study, the use of IL-6 and IL-17 was investigated as diagnostic markers for lung cancer. IL-6 and IL-17 levels were compared between 35 lung cancer patients and 19 healthy individuals. IL-6 levels were markedly elevated (7.417 pg/mL) in lung cancer cases compared to the controls (0.970 pg/mL), indicating a positive correlation (p < 0.05). IL-17 levels were only slightly higher in lung cancer patients (9.400 pg/mL) compared to healthy individuals (8.922 pg/mL). Both IL-6 and IL-17 levels were higher in patients with adenocarcinoma compared with other subtypes of lung cancer. Treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not significantly affect IL-6 levels. However, IL-17 levels were reduced due to cancer treatment. Further studies with larger sample sizes assessing the IL-6 and IL-17 in lung cancer patients are needed to establish the diagnostic role of the two cytokines

An in vivo and in silico evaluation of the hepatoprotective potential of Gynura procumbens: A promising agent for combating hepatotoxicity.

IntroductionThe liver, the most important metabolic organ of the body, performs a wide variety of vital functions. Hepatic cell injury occurs by the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), xenobiotics, and other toxic substances through cytochrome P450-dependent steps resulting from the covalent bond formation with lipoproteins and nucleic acids. Observing the urgent state of hepatotoxic patients worldwide, different medicinal plants and their properties can be explored to combat such free radical damage to the liver. In vivo and in silico studies were designed and conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Gynura procumbens in rats.Materials and methodsGynura procumbens leaves were collected and extracted using 70% ethanol. The required chemicals CCl4, standard drug (silymarin), and blood serum analysis kits were stocked. The in vivo tests were performed in 140 healthy Wister albino rats of either sex under well-controlled parameters divided into 14 groups, strictly maintaining Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IEAC) protocols. For the histopathology study, 10% buffered neutral formalin was used for organ preservation. Later the specimens were studied under a fluorescence microscope. In silico molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies were performed, and the results were analyzed statistically.Results and discussionGynura procumbens partially negate the deleterious effect of carbon tetrachloride on normal weight gain in rats. The elevated level of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, LDH, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation ranges, gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) in CCl4 treated groups were decreased by both standard drug silymarin and G. procumbens leaf extract. We have found significant & highly significant changes statistically for different doses, here p<0.05 & p<0.01, respectively. On the other hand, G. procumbens and silymarin displayed Statistically significant (p<0.05) and high significant(p<0.01) increased levels of HDL, CAT SOD (here p<0.05 & p<0.01 for different doses) when the treatment groups were compared with the disease control group. Because the therapeutic activity imparted by plants and drugs accelerates the movement of the disturbed pathophysiological state toward the healthy state. In the molecular docking analysis, G. procumbens phytoconstituents performed poorly against transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) compared to the control drug silymarin. In contrast, 26 phytoconstituents scored better than the control bezafibrate against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). The top scoring compounds for both macromolecules were observed to form stable complexes in the molecular dynamics simulations. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds performed better than other constituents in providing hepatoprotective activity. It can, thus, be inferred that the extract of G. procumbens showed good hepatoprotective properties in rats