Antifungal Efficacy of Sodium Perborate and Microwave Irradiation for Surface Disinfection of Polymethyl Methacrylate Polymer

Various disinfecting agents showing variable success in disinfecting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet-DC), microwave irradiation, and their combination for eradicating candida albicans (C. albicans) from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base polymer. One hundred and sixty-eight PMMA resin specimens (30 × 30 × 15 mm) were divided into four groups, including control (no disinfection), microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate with distilled water (DC-DW), and a combination of MW-DC-DW (n = 10). Biofilms of C. albicans were cultured on the PMMA resin denture base specimens for 96 h. The samples were exposed to three different antifungal regimes, i.e., MW, denture cleaning agent-sodium perborate (DC) and DW, and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate colony formation. The colony-forming units (CFU) among the experimental groups were assessed using ANOVA, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Mann–Whitney test. The mean CFU values were compared with the control for each disinfecting regime at 96 h growth time. For MW-DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 2 and 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). For the MW-DW treated group, the CFU were significantly low at 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p < 0.05). It was also found that for DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 5 minutes when compared with the control specimens (DW) (p < 0.05). Microwave disinfection in combination with sodium perborate is a more effective disinfecting regime against C. albicans than that of microwave disinfection and sodium perborate alone

Correlation of index finger length to vertical dimensions of occlusion for edentulous patients and their satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial

The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn-Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn-Me and finger measurements, dentures\u27 satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up

Evaluation of loosely bound water loss from different compositions of glass ionomer cement

Background: Water is an essential component of glass ionomer cement. Water balance is probably the most important and least understood mechanism with the glass ionomer cement. Excessive water in glass ionomer produce weak cement while less amount of water produce cement which is relatively stronger initially but later results in the weakening of the cement. Water present in glass ionomer cement is classified according to its nature of being held in to the cement as tightly bound and loosely bound. The amount of loosely bound water loss from various composition of glass ionomer cement remains unknown.Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London. Two different composition of glass ionomer cements were used in this experiment in which the amount of water absorbed by the different compositions of cement on 1, 3, 7 and 14 days were evaluated and the loss of water was measured after that period until the loss became constant. A total of 25 samples of each GIC composition, 5 samples were immersed in water for 24 hours, 5 in water for 3 days, 5 for 7 days and 5 for 14 days. The remaining 5 samples were directly placed into the desiccator without immersing it in the water. The total water content of both glass ionomer cements was calculated from its chemical composition. The samples were weighed every hour for first 3 hours and then every 24 hours until the weight of the sample became constant. Samples placed in water for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days were dried before weighing with a tissue.Results: The amount of water uptake in all the compositions was not that significant in relation to time. In case of Fuji IX, amount of water loss percentage did not vary with increasing time interval. The water loss was rapid in the first 24 hours but it slowed down with time and became constant after 3 days however in Ketac molar water loss slightly varied with time interval.Conclusion: It is concluded that the amount of water uptake in both glass ionomer cement is not significant in relation to time. The loss of loosely bound water becomes constant with time after 24 hours for both compositions of glass ionomer cements

Correlation of index finger length to vertical dimensions of occlusion for edentulous patients and their satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn–Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn–Me and finger measurements, dentures’ satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up. Trial registration: ID: NCT05153213 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05153213 )

Bacterial Disinfection of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resin Polymer Using Low Level Microwave Irradiation and Denture Cleaning Agent

The aim was to evaluate the disinfection of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans cultured on Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) resin polymer using microwave disinfection and sodium perborate (DC). Biofilms of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans were cultured on the PMMA denture base for 24, 36, 48 and 96 h. Specimens were subjected to three disinfection protocols, including microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet) with distilled water (DC-DW) and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Colony-forming units among the study groups were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. For E. coli and S. aureus cultured on PMMA, the MW-DC-DW group displayed complete disinfection at 2 min of exposure. However, for both bacteria, the MW-DW disinfection group showed zero CFU at 3 min. DC disinfection for E. coli and S. aureus displayed zero CFU at 5 min of exposure (p ≤ 0.05). For S. mutans, MW-DC-DW and MW-DW displayed zero CFU count at 1 min and 2 min, respectively. In DC-treated samples, CFU were significantly zero at 4 min when compared with the control at each growth time. A combination of MW irradiation with DC (sodium perborate) showed higher disinfection percentage of bacterial species on PMMA polymer denture bases compared to MW and DC alone. PMMA disinfection using DC displayed a lower antimicrobial disinfection percentage than the combined use of MW and DC as well as MW alone at 1 min or 2 min disinfection for E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans

Influence of 17% EDTA and Sapindus mukorossi on the Surface Property of Protaper Gold Rotary Endodontic Instruments

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) in combination with canal shaping on surface properties of ProTaper Gold rotary endodontic file. Sixteen F1 ProTaper Gold rotary files underwent the standard protocol for root canal treatment using two irrigants (S. mukorossi and 17% EDTA) in single-rooted decoronated teeth. Eight unused files were used as a control. All files were examined under an atomic force microscope (AFM) to evaluate surface roughness (Ra) and root mean square (RMS). Data were analyzed using the t-test. RMS and Ra values of the control file were 1.37 and 0.607, respectively. The mean RMS (3.70 ± 1.41) and mean Ra (2.89 ± 1.41) in EDTA group were significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). The mean RMS in the S. mukorossi group (1.77 ± 0.66) did not show any significant difference with the control (p > 0.05). The Ra of S. mukorossi group (1.09 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean RMS and Ra were found to be significantly higher in the EDTA group compared to the S. mukorossi group (p < 0.05). The mean Ra and RMS values of the ProTaper Gold files used to prepare canals using 17% EDTA and S. mukorossi irrigation were significantly higher than the control files. The EDTA-treated ProTaper Gold rotary files demonstrated higher surface Ra and RMS than the S. mukorossi files

Antifungal Efficacy of Sodium Perborate and Microwave Irradiation for Surface Disinfection of Polymethyl Methacrylate Polymer

Various disinfecting agents showing variable success in disinfecting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of sodium perborate (denture cleaning tablet-DC), microwave irradiation, and their combination for eradicating candida albicans (C. albicans) from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base polymer. One hundred and sixty-eight PMMA resin specimens (30 × 30 × 15 mm) were divided into four groups, including control (no disinfection), microwave disinfection in distilled water (MW-DW), sodium perborate with distilled water (DC-DW), and a combination of MW-DC-DW (n = 10). Biofilms of C. albicans were cultured on the PMMA resin denture base specimens for 96 h. The samples were exposed to three different antifungal regimes, i.e., MW, denture cleaning agent-sodium perborate (DC) and DW, and a combination of MW-DC-DW for 1 to 5 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate colony formation. The colony-forming units (CFU) among the experimental groups were assessed using ANOVA, a Kruskal–Wallis test, and a Mann–Whitney test. The mean CFU values were compared with the control for each disinfecting regime at 96 h growth time. For MW-DC-DW, the CFU were significantly low at 2 and 3 min of exposure when compared with the control (DW) (p p p C. albicans than that of microwave disinfection and sodium perborate alone