24,443 research outputs found
A Faraway Quasar in the Direction of the Highest Energy Auger Event
The highest energy cosmic ray event reported by the Auger Observatory has an
energy of 148 EeV. It does not correlate with any nearby (z0.024) object
capable of originating such a high energy event. Intrigued by the fact that the
highest energy event ever recorded (by the Fly's Eye collaboration) points to a
faraway quasar with very high radio luminosity and large Faraday rotation
measurement, we have searched for a similar source for the Auger event. We find
that the Auger highest energy event points to a quasar with similar
characteristics to the one correlated to the Fly's Eye event. We also find the
same kind of correlation for one of the highest energy AGASA events. We
conclude that so far these types of quasars are the best source candidates for
both Auger and Fly's Eye highest energy events. We discuss a few exotic
candidates that could reach us from gigaparsec distances.Comment: 13 pages (version to be published in JCAP
A statistical mechanics framework for multi-particle production in high energy reactions
We deduce the particle distributions in particle collisions with
multihadron-production in the framework of mechanical statistics. They are
derived as functions of x, P_T^2 and the rest mass of different species for a
fixed total number of all produced particles, inelasticity and total transverse
energy. For P_T larger than the mass of each particle we get the behaviour
\frac{dn_i}{dP_T} \sim \sqrt{P_T} e^{-\frac{P_T}{T_H}} Values of _\pi,
_K, and _{\bar{p}} in agreement with experiment are found by taking
T_H=180MeV (the Hagedorn temperature).Comment: 9 pages, RevTe
Enhancement of charged macromolecule capture by nanopores in a salt gradient
Nanopores spanning synthetic membranes have been used as key components in
proof-of-principle nanofluidic applications, particularly those involving
manipulation of biomolecules or sequencing of DNA. The only practical way of
manipulating charged macromolecules near nanopores is through a voltage
difference applied across the nanopore-spanning membrane. However, recent
experiments have shown that salt concentration gradients applied across
nanopores can also dramatically enhance charged particle capture from a low
concentration reservoir of charged molecules at one end of the nanopore. This
puzzling effect has hitherto eluded a physically consistent theoretical
explanation. Here, we propose an electrokinetic mechanism of this enhanced
capture that relies on the electrostatic potential near the pore mouth. For
long pores with diameter much greater than the local screening length, we
obtain accurate analytic expressions showing how salt gradients control the
local conductivity which can lead to increased local electrostatic potentials
and charged analyte capture rates. We also find that the attractive
electrostatic potential may be balanced by an outward, repulsive electroosmotic
flow (EOF) that can in certain cases conspire with the salt gradient to further
enhance the analyte capture rate.Comment: 10 pages, 6 Figure
Hydrodynamic mean field solutions of 1D exclusion processes with spatially varying hopping rates
We analyze the open boundary partially asymmetric exclusion process with
smoothly varying internal hopping rates in the infinite-size, mean field limit.
The mean field equations for particle densities are written in terms of Ricatti
equations with the steady-state current as a parameter. These equations are
solved both analytically and numerically. Upon imposing the boundary conditions
set by the injection and extraction rates, the currents are found
self-consistently. We find a number of cases where analytic solutions can be
found exactly or approximated. Results for from asymptotic analyses for
slowly varying hopping rates agree extremely well with those from extensive
Monte Carlo simulations, suggesting that mean field currents asymptotically
approach the exact currents in the hydrodynamic limit, as the hopping rates
vary slowly over the lattice. If the forward hopping rate is greater than or
less than the backward hopping rate throughout the entire chain, the three
standard steady-state phases are preserved. Our analysis reveals the
sensitivity of the current to the relative phase between the forward and
backward hopping rate functions.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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