Integrated blood and organ profile analysis to evaluate ameliorative effects of kaempferol on 5-fluorouracil-induced toxicity

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment strategies encompass a triad of medical interventions: surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Among these, the use of chemotherapy, specifically 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has become a cornerstone in CRC management. However, it is imperative to explore novel approaches that harness the synergistic potential of chemotherapy agents alongside adjunctive compounds to mitigate the severe adverse effects that often accompany treatment. In light of this pressing need, this study focuses on evaluating Kaempferol (KMP) in combination with 5-FU in a DMH-induced CRC animal model, scrutinizing its impact on haematological indices, organ health, and gastrointestinal, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. Remarkably, KMP demonstrated haemato-protective attributes and exerted an immunomodulatory influence, effectively counteracting 5-FU-induced damage. Furthermore, organ assessments affirm the safety profile of the combined treatments while suggesting KMP's potential role in preserving the structural integrity of the intestine, and spleen. Histopathological assessments unveiled KMP's capacity to ameliorate liver injury and mitigate CRC-induced renal impairment. These multifaceted findings underscore KMP's candidacy as a promising adjunctive therapeutic option for CRC, underlining the pivotal need for personalized therapeutic strategies that concurrently optimize treatment efficacy and safeguard organ health. KMP holds tremendous promise in elevating the paradigm of CRC management

NF-κB Pathway and Its Inhibitors: A Promising Frontier in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has emerged as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The involvement of the NF-κB pathway in immune system responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival highlights its significance in AD progression. We discuss the advantages of NF-κB pathway inhibition, including the potential to mitigate neuroinflammation, modulate amyloid beta (Aβ) production, and promote neuronal survival. However, we also acknowledge the limitations and challenges associated with this approach. Balancing the fine line between dampening inflammation and preserving physiological immune responses is critical to avoid unintended consequences. This review combines current knowledge on the NF-κB pathway’s intricate involvement in AD pathogenesis, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target. By evaluating both advantages and limitations, we provide a holistic view of the feasibility and challenges of NF-κB pathway modulation in AD treatment. As the quest for effective AD therapies continues, an in-depth understanding of the NF-κB pathway’s multifaceted roles will guide the development of targeted interventions with the potential to improve AD management

Effect of piperine in the regulation of obesity-induced dyslipidemia in high-fat diet rats

Objective: The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of piperine in obesity-induced dyslipidemia. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for the first eight weeks, to develop obesity-induced dyslipidemia. Later on piperine (40 mg / kg) and sibutramine (5 mg / kg) were administered for three weeks along with the continuation of HFD to two separate groups, which served as the test and standard groups, respectively. Body weight, food intake, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and HDL were measured at the end of the fourth, eighth (before treatment), and eleventh (after treatment) week, while the fat mass was measured at the end of the eleventh week in the normal, HFD-control, test, and standard groups. Results: Supplementing piperine with HFD significantly reduced not only body weight, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and fat mass, but also increased the HDL levels, with no change in food intake. Conclusion: The above results suggest that piperine possesses potential fat reducing and lipid lowering effects, without any change in food appetite, at a small dose of 40 mg / kg. The mechanism of action for such an activity needs to be determined. However, looking to structural similarity with the presently known Melanocortin-4 (MC-4) agonists, involvement of MC-4 receptors in its activity can be guessed