Graph-Based Image Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering and Normalised Cuts

Image segmentation with low computational burden has been highly regarded as important goal for researchers. Various image segmentation methods are widely discussed and more noble segmentation methods are expected to be developed when there is rapid demand from the emerging machine vision field. One of the popular image segmentation methods is by using normalised cuts algorithm. It is unfavourable for a high resolution image to have its resolution reduced as high detail information is not fully made used when critical objects with weak edges is coarsened undesirably after its resolution reduced. Thus, a graph-based image segmentation method done in multistage manner is proposed here. In this paper, an experimental study based on the method is conducted. This study shows an alternative approach on the segmentation method using k-means clustering and normalised cuts in multistage manner

Endodermal ABA Signaling Promotes Lateral Root Quiescence during Salt Stress in Arabidopsis

The endodermal tissue layer is found in the roots of vascular plants and functions as a semipermeable barrier, regulating the transport of solutes from the soil into the vascular stream. As a gateway for solutes, the endodermis may also serve as an important site for sensing and responding to useful or toxic substances in the environment. Here, we show that high salinity, an environmental stress widely impacting agricultural land, regulates growth of the seedling root system through a signaling network operating primarily in the endodermis. We report that salt stress induces an extended quiescent phase in postemergence lateral roots (LRs) whereby the rate of growth is suppressed for several days before recovery begins. Quiescence is correlated with sustained abscisic acid (ABA) response in LRs and is dependent upon genes necessary for ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulation. We use a tissue-specific strategy to identify the key cell layers where ABA signaling acts to regulate growth. In the endodermis, misexpression of the ABA insensitive1-1 mutant protein, which dominantly inhibits ABA signaling, leads to a substantial recovery in LR growth under salt stress conditions. Gibberellic acid signaling, which antagonizes the ABA pathway, also acts primarily in the endodermis, and we define the crosstalk between these two hormones. Our results identify the endodermis as a gateway with an ABA-dependent guard, which prevents root growth into saline environments