Trichrome Mallory's stain may indicate differential rates of RNA synthesis in eutopic and ectopic endometrium.

Mallory's triple staining is a histochemical technique used mainly for analysing connective tissues and glands and other tissues. We have described the differences in the nuclear staining between eutopic and ectopic endometrium as well as endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma using the Mallory's method. The ultrastructural differences between eutopic and ectopic endometrium have been detected. In normal and hyperplastic endometrium the presence of stromal cell nuclei with an increased affinity to aniline blue has been observed. The affinity has disappeared after digestion of tissues with RNase. In cases of endometriosis, independently of cell types, the nuclei have shown affinity to orange G. Similar effects in adenocarcinoma have been noted. The ultrastructural studies have shown that in normal endometrium the stroma contained cells with euchromatic and low electron density cell nuclei. In endometriosis heterochromatic cell nuclei present both in the stroma and within glands have been detected. The results indicate that the Mallory's technique may be a useful tool for recognizing the differences between eutopic and ectopic endometrium. The affinity for aniline blue in normal and hyperplastic endometrium occurs most likely due to increased RNA synthesis. Based on Mallory's staining a similarity between hyperplasia and unchanged endometrium in contrast to similar results of the staining obtained in cases of adenocarcinoma and endometriosis may be suggested

IMPLEMENTATION OF ACTIONS FOR EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY AS A PROPOSAL TO STREAMLINE POST-CONSUMER PACKAGING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN POLAND

The transposition of new regulations into national legal systems, including updated goals and requirements for the management of packaging placed on the market and packaging waste, provides a number of opportunities for the operation of post-consumer waste management systems. This publication focuses on the essence and characteristics of the system of extended producer responsibility in selected European countries. This paper identifies, on the basis of an analysis taking into account the scopes of legal, economic, physical, and informational liability, key areas of the extended producer responsibility system requiring improvements. It develops recommendations regarding the possibility of introducing changes to the functioning of the EPR system in Poland. The implementation of the improvement proposals for the EPR can significantly contribute to achieving the existing EU waste targets, as well as the ambitious new targets included in the EU Circular Economy

Molecular basics of aldosterone and cortisol synthesis in normal adrenals and adrenocortical adenomas

Celem niniejszej pracy było przedstawienie genów kodujących białka enzymatyczne szlaku syntezy aldosteronu i kortyzolu, metod oceny ich aktywności transkrypcyjnej, jak również ekspresji ich mRNA w obrębie kory prawidłowych nadnerczy, w gruczolakach kory nadnerczy usuniętych chorym z zespołami Conna i Cushinga oraz w gruczolakach kory nadnerczy usuniętych chorym, u których nie wykazano nadczynności hormonalnej guza. Z przedstawionych doniesień wynika, że najlepiej poznano ekspresję mRNA omawianych genów w tkance uzyskanej z guzów nadnerczy usuniętych chorym z zespołem Conna. Natomiast aktywność transkrypcyjną tych genów w obrębie pozostałych gruczolaków kory nadnerczy udokumentowano w mniejszym stopniu. Dotyczy to szczególnie analiz materiału tkankowego uzyskanego od pacjentów, u których aktywności hormonalnej guzów nadnerczy nie udało się wykazać za pomocą badań biochemicznych. Warto podkreślić również fakt, że układem odniesienia większości analiz molekularnych tkanki guzów kory nadnerczy był materiał uzyskany z niewielkiej liczby prawidłowych nadnerczy, co w pewnym stopniu zmniejsza wiarygodność uzyskanych wyników. Powyższe uwagi stanową podstawę do prowadzenia dalszych badań na podstawie większego materiału, uzyskanego zarówno z prawidłowych nadnerczy, jak i z gruczolaków wywodzących się z kory tego narządu. (The aim of the study is to present genes encoding enzymatic proteins of aldosterone and cortisol synthesis pathway, methods of their transcriptional activity measurement, mRNA expression of the genes in normal adrenal cortex, in adrenocortical adenomas excised from patients with Conn and Cushing syndromes, as well as in adrenocortical adenomas excised from patients, in which hormonal activity of the tumour was not confirmed. According to presented papers mRNA expression of analyzed genes is best known in tissue obtained from tumours excised from patients with Conn syndrome. On the other hand transcriptional activity of the genes within the other adrenocortical adenomas is documented in lesser degree. It concerns particularly analyses of tissue material obtained from patients, in which hormonal activity of adrenal tumours was not confirmed with biochemical tests. It should be also considered, that the frame of reference for the majority of molecular analyses of adrenocortical tumour tissues was material obtained from little number of normal adrenals, what decreases in some degree credibility of obtained results. Mentioned above remarks may be the basis for conduction of further investigations based on larger material, obtained both from normal adrenals and adrenocortical adenomas

Wolumetryczne badania struktur mózgowia metodą rezonansu magnetycznego u dzieci z zespołem Downa

Background and purpose Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation with deficits in language and memory. Mental retardation of varying degrees is the most consistent feature of DS. The objective of this study was to use high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigate the volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal and frontal lobes in children with DS compared with healthy children. Material and methods MRI of 49 patients was reviewed prospectively. The study included 23 children with DS (9 girls and 14 boys, mean age 6.7 ± 3.7 years) and 26 healthy children (11 girls and 15 boys, mean age 8.3 ± 2.4 years). Volumes of the right and left hippocampus, the right and left amygdala, temporal and frontal lobes and the total brain volume were measured by a radiologist who was unaware of the diagnosis. Results Total brain volume in children with DS was significantly lower compared with controls. It was associated with significantly lower volume of the frontal and temporal lobes. Children with DS had a significantly smaller right and left hippocampus volume and a significantly smaller right and left amygdala volume than did the control group. We also found a negative correlation between mental retardation and volume of the right hippocampus. Conclusions The presence of these abnormalities from an early age contributes to the specific cognitive and developmental deficits seen in children with DS.Wstęp i cel pracy Zespół Downa (ZD) jest najczęstszą genetyczną przyczyną upośledzenia umysłowego, deficytów mowy i pamięci. Upośledzenie umysłowe różnego stopnia to najbardziej stała cecha zespołu Downa. Celem pracy było wykorzystanie techniki badania rezonansu magnetycznego (RM) wysokiej rozdzielczości do porównania objętości hipokampów, ciał migdałowatych, płatów skroniowych i czołowych dzieci z ZD w porównaniu z dziećmi zdrowymi. Materiał i metody Ocenie poddano 49 badań RM. Badaniem objęto 23 dzieci z ZD (9 dziewczynek i 14 chłopców, średnia wieku: 6,7 ± 3,7 roku). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 26 dzieci zdrowych (11 dziewczynek i 15 chłopców, średnia wieku: 8,3 ± 2,4 roku). Objętość prawego i lewego hipokampa, prawego i lewego ciała migdałowatego, płatów skroniowych i czołowych oraz całkowita objętość mózgu były mierzone manualnie przez radiologa nieznającego rozpoznania. Wyniki Całkowita objętość mózgu w grupie dzieci z ZD była istotnie mniejsza w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Wiązało się to z istotnie mniejszą objętością płatów czołowych i skroniowych. Grupa dzieci z ZD miała istotnie mniejszą objętość prawego i lewego hipokampa oraz prawego i lewego ciała migdałowatego w porównaniu z dziećmi zdrowymi. Wykazano jednocześnie ujemną korelację pomiędzy stopniem upośledzenia umysłowego a objętością prawego hipokampa. Wnioski Obecność opisanych zaburzeń od najmłodszych lat przyczynia się do konkretnych deficytów poznawczych i rozwojowych u dzieci z ZD

hBD-1 and hBD-2 are expressed in cervico-vaginal lavage in female genital tract due to microbial infections

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare concentration of selected human β-defensins (hBD-1, hBD-2) in cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL), obtained from women with candidiasis, chlamydiasis and other bacterial infections. Material and methods: β-defensins were detected quantitatively by RT-PCR (7000 Taqman, Applied Biosystems) in cervico-vaginal lavage collected from 120 (79 women in the study group and 41 controls) non-pregnant women, aged 18-40 (mean age 28.5}6.29). The study group patients were divided into three subgroups on the basis of clinical and microbiological diagnosis: women with candidiasis (n=13); with chlamydiasis (n=13), and with other bacterial infections (n=12). Results: The highest count of hBD-1 RNA copies was found in women with bacterial infections and candidiasis (335.84 and 320.10 respectively), and hBD-2 – with chlamydiasis. The difference between RNA copies of hBD-1/μg in candidiasis, chlamydiasis and bacterial pathogens was statistically significant; for hBD-2 only in case of chlamydiasis. Conclusions: Chlamydia trachomatis infection activates the production of hBD-2. Candida albicans, Chlamydia trachomatis, and bacterial pathogens induced variable increases of hBD-1 concentration

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo

Meeting Abstracts: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) Conference and Expo Clearwater Beach, FL, USA. 9-11 June 201