Coexistence of WiFi and WiMAX Systems Based on PS-Request Protocols†

We introduce both the coexistence zone within the WiMAX frame structure and a PS-Request protocol for the coexistence of WiFi and WiMAX systems sharing a frequency band. Because we know that the PS-Request protocol has drawbacks, we propose a revised PS-Request protocol to improve the performance. Two PS-Request protocols are based on the time division operation (TDO) of WiFi system and WiMAX system to avoid the mutual interference, and use the vestigial power management (PwrMgt) bit within the Frame Control field of the frames transmitted by a WiFi AP. The performance of the revised PS-Request protocol is evaluated by computer simulation, and compared to those of the cases without a coexistence protocol and to the original PS-Request protocol

Odor Identification Impairment and Change with Cholinesterase Inhibitor Treatment in Mild Cognitive Impairment

Background: Anticholinergic challenge can induce odor identification impairment that indicates Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, and short-term change in odor identification impairment with cholinesterase inhibitor (CheI) treatment may predict longer term cognitive outcomes. Objective: In patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) treated prospectively with donepezil, a CheI, for 52 weeks, to determine if 1) acute decline in odor identification ability with anticholinergic challenge can predict cognitive improvement, and 2) change in odor identification over 8 weeks can predict cognitive improvement. Methods: MCI was diagnosed clinically without AD biomarkers. At baseline, the University of Pennsylvania Smell identification Test (UPSIT) was administered before and after an anticholinergic atropine nasal spray challenge. Donepezil was started at 5 mg daily, increased to 10 mg daily if tolerated, and this dose was maintained for 52 weeks. Main outcomes were ADAS-Cog total score and Selective Reminding Test (SRT) total immediate recall score measured at baseline, 26 and 52 weeks. Results: In 100 study participants, mean age 70.14 (SD 9.35) years, atropine-induced decrease in UPSIT score at baseline was not associated with change in ADAS-Cog or SRT scores over 52 weeks. Change in UPSIT score from 0 to 8 weeks did not show a significant association with change in the ADAS-Cog or SRT measures over 52 weeks. Conclusion: These negative findings in a relatively large sample of patients with MCI did not replicate results in much smaller samples. Change in odor identification with anticholinergic challenge, and over 8 weeks, may not be useful predictors of cognitive improvement with CheI in patients with MCI

Neuroanatomical predictors of L-DOPA response in older adults with psychomotor slowing and depression: A pilot study

Background: Declining function in dopamine circuits is implicated in normal aging and late-life depression (LLD). Dopamine augmentation recently has shown therapeutic promise, but predictors of response are unknown. Methods: Depressed elders with slowed gait underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography (PET). Subjects then received open treatment with carbidopa/levodopa (L-DOPA) for three weeks. Linear regressions examined relationships between baseline MRI measures, [11C]raclopride binding, and behavioral outcomes. Results: Among N = 16 participants aged 72.5 ± 6.8 years, higher left superior temporal gyrus volume was associated with higher processing speed at baseline, while cortical thinning in a processing speed network was associated with greater improvement following L-DOPA. Greater volume and cortical thickness in brain regions associated with mobility were associated with higher baseline gait speed. Higher baseline white matter hyperintensity volume predicted less post-L-DOPA improvement on dual task gait speed and IDS-SR scores. Higher [11C]raclopride binding in the associative striatum was associated with cortical thickness in some, but not all, processing speed brain regions, while higher binding in sensorimotor striatum was significantly associated with left caudate volume. Limitations: Limiting the conclusions drawn from this pilot study are the small sample size and open administration of L-DOPA. Conclusions: Greater baseline brain volumes and cortical thickness in regions supporting cognition and gait were associated with higher behavioral performance, while lower structural integrity was associated with increased responsivity to L-DOPA. If substantiated in larger studies, these findings could facilitate the targeting of dopaminergic treatments to those LLD patients most likely to respond

Effects of genetic variants of k-casein and b-lactoglobulin and heat treatments on cheese yielding capacity, cheese composition and coagulating properties of milk

A total of 853 milk samples with different phenotypes of $kappa$-casein ($kappa$-CN) and $beta$-lactoglobulin ($beta$-LG) and different preheating temperatures of 30, 70, 75 and 80$sp circ$C were used for the making of individual laboratory scale Cheddar type cheese and for the determination of coagulating properties. Data obtained from milk input, cheese output and chemical analyses were used to calculate actual, 37% moisture adjusted and Van Slyke's theoretical yields and yield efficiency. Least squares analyses of data indicated that higher 37% moisture adjusted yields and yield efficiencies were obtained with milk types VII, VIII and IX, which have the B gene for $kappa$-CN when compared to milk types I, II and III, which have the A gene for $kappa$-CN irrespective of preheating temperatures. Moisture adjusted yield, 10.49%, was the highest when milk type VII containing $kappa$-CN BB and $beta$-LG AA phenotypes was preheated at 30$sp circ$C, whereas milk type IX, which has phenotype BB for $kappa$-CN and BB for $beta$-LG, had the highest adjusted yields with values of 11.36, 11.91 and 11.99% when preheated at 70, 75 and 80$sp circ$C, respectively. When cheese was made from milk preheated at 30$sp circ$C, total solids (64.19%), fat (35.31%) and protein (25.82%) were highest in cheese obtained from milk types IX, VII and IX, respectively, all of which have the B gene for $kappa$-CN. These three components (61.54%, 30.85% and 24.47%) were lowest in cheese made from milk types III, III and I, respectively, all of which have the A gene for $kappa$-CN. Cheese with moisture content close to 39% were produced by milk types I and II preheated at 30$sp circ$C. by milk types III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII preheated at below 70$sp circ$C and by milk type IX preheated at below 75$sp circ$C. (Abstract shorted by UMI.

Implementation of Voice-Based Report Generator Application for Visually Impaired

The college entrance rate of the disabled is gradually increasing, and each university is trying to provide equal rights and opportunities for college students with disabilities. However, students with disabilities still have difficulty adapting to college life due to limitations in the range of experience and diversity, restrictions in walking ability, and restrictions on interaction with the environment. Visually impaired students cannot perform tasks given by universities independently without the help of others, but universities do not have a system that is helpful except for supporting helpers. Therefore, in this paper, we aimed to develop independent report generation software, VTR4VI (Voice to Report program for the Visually Impaired) for students with visual impairment by using mobile devices that are always in possession. Since the existing speech recognition document editing software is designed for non-visually impaired people, it is difficult for the visually impaired to use. Accordingly, the requirements of a report generator for blind students were identified so blind students could freely perform assignments or write reports without helpers, just like non-visually impaired students. This software can be easily used by clicking on the Bluetooth remote control instead of touching the phone screen, and the operation is simple. As a result of our usability evaluation, our VTR4VI will surely help the visually impaired to study and make a written report

Complete mitochondrial genome of Cyclograpsus intermedius Ortmann, 1894 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Grapsoidea) specimen collected in South Korea

In this study, the complete 16,184 bp mitochondrial genome of Cyclograpsus intermedius was determined from a specimen collected in South Korea. It consists of 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding A + T rich region. The base composition of the heavy strand in the mitochondrial genome was 34.7% A, 10.7% G, 18.7% C, and 35.9% T, resulting in a G + C content of 29.4%. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes showed that C. intermedius clustered together with the Varunidae. These molecular data will be useful for studying the evolutionary relationships among crab species

Adaptive 5G Architecture for an mmWave Antenna Front-End Package Consisting of Tunable Matching Network and Surface-Mount Technology

Adaptive 5G architecture consisting of three functional sections (four antenna components, tunable matching network (TMN), and radio frequency (RF) front-end package) is proposed, analyzed, and verified. In the 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum, the RF performance is highly dependent on the specific antenna package technology. However, compact antenna packages, oftentimes, result in undesired interference between the antenna elements. This eventually leads to severe RF performance degradation. For the first time in the literature, an mmWave 5G RFIC and the TMN are integrated for efficient operation that is applicable to real-life 5G mobile devices. Moreover, the proposed antenna-in-package (AiP) architecture enables independent frequency control at multiple frequencies. The proposed solution is simulated and measured at the system level. As a result, the devised AiP solution exhibits a simulated effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 22.05-23.96 dBm at the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of 50% by applying the conducted power of 17 dBm (per channel), and the peak gain of the antenna exhibits 13.7 dBi at 27 GHz (state A) and 12.6 dBi at 28 GHz (state B) with an amplifier having an output power of 5 dBm.11Nsciescopu