Graphene-enhanced raman spectroscopy reveals the controlled photoreduction of nitroaromatic compound on oxidized graphene surface

Although graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been investigated for several years, there have been no studies that have applied it to real-time observations of chemical catalytic reactions. Here, we report that UV/ozone-treated oxidized graphene was used to both control and monitor the photoreduction of an adsorbed nitroaromatic dye compound. Graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy studies show that more oxidized graphene surface leads to faster photoreduction. This is due to the lowering of the Fermi level in the oxidized graphene, which is in agreement with the highest occupied molecular orbital level of the adsorbed dye molecule, leading to a rapid electron transfer from graphene to the dye. Our findings will be useful in understanding and exploiting the photocatalytic properties of oxidized graphene on adsorbed molecular species.

Development of a Chaff Dispense Program for Target Tracking Radar Deception

This study aims to develop an appropriate chaff dispensing program to deceive the target tracking radar (TTR) effectively. Chaff is a countermeasure commonly used by fighter aircraft to deceive TTR. However, there has been a lack of methodology for calculating chaff dispense programs that take into account the specific characteristics of the fighter, chaff, and TTR. This study proposes a methodology that considers these variables to calculate chaff dispense programs and addresses this gap. The proposed method is demonstrated through TESS engagement, which shows its effectiveness in various engagement situations

Exploring College Students’ Subjective Health Perceptions According to Physical Activity Level

PURPOSE This study provides fundamental data required to promote the physical and mental health of college students by exploring their subjective health perception relative to physical activity level. METHODS Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted in 2023 to assess the subjective health perception of eight collegiate students relative to their physical activity levels. RESULTS The findings indicated that university students do not adhere to physical activity guidelines, with variations in preferences and motivations for engaging in different types of physical activities. Muscle-strengthening exercises were performed most often, reflecting a specific focus on building strength and muscle mass. Although most participants considered themselves healthy, contrasting perceptions existed regarding factors such as alcohol consumption and smoking. The participants actively engaged in diverse physical activities, thereby expressing a positive perception of the value of exercise. Furthermore, the participants demonstrated a proactive approach to health management by avoiding unhealthy foods and incorporating health supplements, exhibiting a deep understanding and commitment to maintaining their well-being. Almost all participants reported overall improvement in stamina from intense physical activities. However, perspectives on the health-enhancing effects of moderate physical activity varied, with some participants expressing uncertainty and others considering it to be the most suitable exercise for their health conditions. Approximately 50% of the participants emphasized the health benefits of strength training, citing its positive effects on muscle strength and increased self-confidence through an improved external image. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the subjective health perceptions related to physical activity among eight university students, revealing a preference for strength training, generally positive health perceptions, and proactive health management strategies. These findings emphasize the need for personalized exercise programs based on individual health conditions

Radiation-induced immune responses: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.

Recent advancement in the radiotherapy technology has allowed conformal delivery of high doses of ionizing radiation precisely to the tumors while sparing large volume of the normal tissues, which have led to better clinical responses. Despite this technological advancement many advanced tumors often recur and they do so within the previously irradiated regions. How could tumors recur after receiving such high ablative doses of radiation? In this review, we outlined how radiation can elicit anti-tumor responses by introducing some of the cytokines that can be induced by ionizing radiation. We then dis-cuss how tumor hypoxia, a major limiting factor responsible for failure of radiotherapy, may also negatively impact the anti-tumor responses. In addition, we highlight how there may be other populations of immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs), mye-loid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that can be recruited to tumors interfering with the anti-tumor immunity. Finally, the impact of irradiation on tumor hypoxia and the immune responses according to different radio-therapy regimen is also delineated. It is indeed an exciting time to see that radiotherapy is being combined with immunotherapy in the clinic and we hope that this review can add an excitement to the field.11Yscopuskc