17 research outputs found
Pressure to Forgive: How Religious Pressure Effects Moving From Decisional to Emotional Forgiveness
Forgiveness and religion/spirituality have been studied together throughout the years. Most studies have claimed that religious/spiritual beliefs and values promote forgiveness and increase psychological well-being. However, reviews of the literature and a meta-analysis have found that these claims and results are tenuous. In Chapter 1, a narrative review of the literature on forgiveness and religion/spirituality was conducted. In the current review, I outline how well the field has answered lingering questions in the past several years. Weaknesses within the field, such as the over-reliance on cross-sectional study designs and the lack of programmatic work, are noted. The current state of the literature and possible new theories and directions for the field are also discussed. In Chapter 2, the present study proposes to examine the relationship between a more contextual religious construct, religious pressure to forgive, and decisional and emotional forgiveness over time, and its influence on psychological well-being over time. The critiques and arguments made by experts, as well as another line of thinking which has suggested that religion may not necessarily have a positive influence on forgiveness, are taken into consideration. Longitudinal data were gathered from participants who identified as being religious/spiritual, were currently in a romantic relationship and experienced a recent, hurtful offense by their partner. These individuals were surveyed over the course of 4 weeks to track their levels of forgiveness and relationship quality with their partners. Results suggested that initial decision to forgive was positively associated with more initial emotional forgiveness and generally more forgiveness over time. Also, social pressure was found to have a positive effect on initial levels of forgiveness. However, religious pressure to forgive did not have effects on forgiveness. Decisional forgiveness and social pressure also had positive effects on initial relationship quality, but there were no effects on change over time (slope). These results start raising the question on the differences between similar, yet different R/S constructs and pushes toward a better understanding of the relationship between forgiveness and R/S
A Polarimetric SAR and Multispectral Remote Sensing Approach for Mapping Salt Diapirs: Axel Heiberg Island, NU, Canada
Remote sensing has revolutionized resource exploration by enabling quick surveillance of large areas. Quad-polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is useful for assessing surface roughness, but few studies have applied it for geological mapping. Located in the Canadian Arctic, Axel Heiberg Island is a suitable site for exploring remote predictive geologic mapping techniques that combine quad-polarimetric SAR and multispectral datasets. The island has extensive rock exposure, with little interference from vegetation and snow in late summer. Axel Heiberg Island has the second highest concentration of salt diapirs globally. As a result, it also hosts extensive secondary salt deposits that have been weathered and precipitated away from their source. Because diapirs frequently provide structural traps for petroleum reservoirs, it is important to distinguish between diapiric and non-diapiric salt during early exploration. This study maps diapirs and secondary salts using multispectral data and characterizes them in polarimetric SAR. Diapirs appear rough in C-Band and L-Band radar, whereas the secondary salts appear smooth at both (cm–dm) scales. Field observations confirm salt diapirs are rough at the millimeter–meter scales, whereas secondary salts precipitate on smoother surfaces. These results show that radar can help differentiate between diapiric and secondary salt exposures, which will assist in future resource exploration
Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness of Offenses Committed by Religious Leaders
In the present article, we extend a model of relational spirituality and forgiveness to the context of major offenses by clergy. In Study 1, undergraduate students (N = 208) described a major offense that they had experienced by a religious leader and then completed several questionnaires in relation to the offense and the religious leader. Appraisals of relational spirituality were significantly associated with forgiveness, after controlling for known predictors of forgiveness (i.e., hurtfulness, time since the offense, and commitment to God or another source of spirituality). In Study 2, we replicated and extended the findings from Study 1 using an independent sample of undergraduates (N = 365). In a series of structural equation models, we found that relational engagement of God (or another source of spirituality) partially mediated the relationship between anger toward God (or another source of spirituality) and unforgiving motivations. We conclude by discussing implications for future research
Longitudinal processes among humility, social justice activism, transcendence, and well-being
IntroductionExisting research shows positive associations between humility and well-being, and between civic engagement and well-being. Rarely have humility, civic engagement, and well-being been examined together. We build off of previous cross-sectional findings and a prior longitudinal study that used three waves of data and found significant positive bivariate correlations between humility and the presence of life purpose across time points.MethodsExtending these previous findings, we used six waves of data obtained from graduate students at 18 seminaries across North America (N = 574; Mage = 31.54; 46.7% female; 65.3% White) to explore the dynamic associations among humility and life purpose, along with horizontal transcendence (an indicator of the attitudinal dimension of civic engagement) and social justice activism (an indicator for the behavioral dimension). We explored reciprocal short-run processes and dynamic long-run effects using a general cross-lagged panel model.Results and discussionWe found robust evidence for a reciprocal influence between the presence of life purpose and horizontal transcendence, and long-run effects for initial levels of life purpose to influence later levels of horizontal transcendence. We also found long-run effects for the influence of initial levels of life purpose on later levels of humility, and initial levels of social justice activism on later levels of horizontal transcendence. Implications center on the use of the findings for planning future one-time life purpose and social justice interventions to affect changes in humility and horizontal transcendence