A randomized study of comparison of intravenous dexmedetomidine and intravenous esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine and esmolol in attenuating the cardiovascular pressor responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Method: Study was done on 60 adults, American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I or II normotensive patients, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia and willing to participate. These patients were randomly allocated to either group E (esmolol) or D (dexmedetomidine). Group ‘D’, patients were given intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion 1 mcg/kg over 10 minutes, 3 minutes before start of laryngoscopy. Group ‘E’, patients were given intravenous esmolol 1.5 mg/kg 2 minutes before start of laryngoscopy. All patients were premedicated, induced and intubated using thiopentone and succinyl choline as per the protocol. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at baseline (taken half an hour prior to anesthesia), before sedation, after induction but before intubation, immediately after endotracheal intubation and thereafter at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes.Results: Immediately after intubation, HR was similar in group D and group E, thereafter HR remained higher in group E as compared to group D, and difference was statistically significant. SBP, DBP and MAP recorded was higher in group E as compared to group D, and difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: Authors conclude that intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 ug/kg is better drug to attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation as compared to intravenous esmolol 1.5 mg/kg

A randomized controlled study of intravenous esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation

Background: Objective is to compare the efficacy of intravenous Esmolol to attenuate the cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with control group.Methods: Study was done on 60 adults, ASA grade I or II normotensive patients, undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia and willing to participate. These patients where be randomly allocated in to either group C (Control) or E (Esmolol). Group ‘C’ Control group. Group ‘E’, patients were given intravenous Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg 2 minutes before start of laryngoscopy. All patients were premedicated, induced and intubated using Thiopentone and Succinyl Choline as per the protocol. Heart Rate (HR), SBP, DBP and MAP were recorded at baseline (taken half an hour prior to anaesthesia), Before sedation, After induction but before intubation, Immediately after endotracheal intubation and Thereafter at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes.Results: Heart rate was lower in Group E as compared to Group C, and there was statistically significant difference immediately after intubation till 4 minutes after intubation. While Blood pressure was lower in Group E as compared to Group C, and there was statistically significant difference only immediately after intubation.Conclusions: In Normotensive patients requiring general anaesthesia with laryngoscopy and intubation, authors conclude that intravenous Esmolol 1.5 mg/kg attenuated Heart rate response but fails to satisfactorily prevent rise in blood pressure

Photoluminescence and photocatalytic degradation studies on some metallophthalocyanines

This paper deals with the up-conversion intrinsic photoluminescence by exciting the Metallo-Phthalocyanine (MPc) prepared by melt method. MPcs were further characterized using UV visible spectrophotometer, FT-IR, and thermal analysis. The magnetic susceptibility, optical absorption and photoluminescence behavior of these compounds were studied. Photocatalytic degradation of amido black 10B dye using different MPcs at varing pH was done to see the efficiency of these compounds. High emission intensity and easy preparation makes these systems potential candidates for application as luminescent material

Trichobezoars as a cause of intestinal obstruction in a young female

A bezoar is a mass found trapped in the gastrointestinal system, though it can occur in other locations. There are various types of bezoars including food boluses, lactobezoar, pharmacobezoar, phytobezoar, diospyrobezoar and trichobezoar. They are common in children and adolescents, and 90% of the patients are women. Complications may manifest as gastric outlet obstruction or bleeding and intestinal obstruction. CT is the preferred image modality for the evaluation of suspected trichobezoars in order to characterize the size, location, presence and level of obstruction and complications such as ischemia or perforation. Here authors present a case to stress the importance of considering trichobezoars as one of the causes for intestinal obstruction in young females.

Historical Perspectives and Evolution of Menstrual Terminology

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the reproductive years in non-pregnant women comprises a group of symptoms that include abnormal frequency and the irregular onset of flow as well as prolonged and heavy menstrual bleeding. It is a common, chronic, and debilitating condition affecting women worldwide with an adverse impact on their quality of life. Until the last decade, the “menstrual” terminology used to describe both normal and abnormal uterine bleeding and its underlying causes was inconsistent, creating considerable confusion. Using standardized terminology may potentially improve clinical management as well as help designing and interpreting basic, translational, epidemiological, and clinical research in women with menstrual problems. In this article, we explore the history and evolution of menstrual terminology and discuss the two International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) systems on i.e., (A) menstrual terminology and definitions (B) and the causes of AUB, achieved through international consensus of relevant stakeholders through a long multistage journey

FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION TO DETERMINE THE GENOMIC CHANGES IN CHROMOSOME 17 AND P53 GENE IN ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA PATIENT IN INDIAN POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.

Introduction Oral cancer, especially squamous cell type, is common, with 274,000 instances annually. The risk of oral cancer from leukoplakia, a white patch at least 5 mm in size, has been extensively investigated. Globally, leukoplakia prevalence ranges from 2.6% to 4.1%. It usually develops after 30, peaks over 50, and is associated to tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid use. Leukoplakia-related chromosomal abnormalities can be revealed by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Objective The goal of research is to clarify the genetic mechanisms behind the development of leukoplakia by examining p53 gene changes and numerical aberrations in chromosome 17 in Indian populations. Material and methods In this cross-sectional study, FISH was used to diagnose 50 cases of Oral leukoplakia (OLP), utilizing the " Locus Specific Identifier (LSI) TP53/Centromere Enumeration Probe (CEP) 17 FISH Probe Kit " to determine the copy number for CEP 17 (green) at the centromere of chromosome 17 and LSI TP53 (orange) at chromosome 17p13.1. Results Three of the fifty cases in the analysis show molecular change. In roughly 4% of instances, p53 gene amplification and chromosome 17 polysomy were present, while 2% of cases only had p53 gene deletion. In the investigation, grade 3 and grade 4 oral leukoplakia showed all aberrations, and the highest 18 subjects (n=18) out of 50 individuals (36%) had a tobacco and/or smoking addiction. Conclusion The research illuminates molecular abnormalities in “chromosome 17” and the “p53” gene in Indian OLP patients. The study helps bridge research and clinical practice to improve oral leukoplakia genetic diagnosis and management. This will enhance patient outcomes by preventing such events. Recommendations Implement routine screening for genetic alterations in chromosome 17 and the p53 gene in patients with oral leukoplakia to enhance early detection and targeted intervention strategies