39,061 research outputs found
Dilaton as a Dark Matter Candidate and its Detection
Assuming that the dilaton is the dark matter of the universe, we propose an
experiment to detect the relic dilaton using the electromagnetic resonant
cavity, based on the dilaton-photon conversion in strong electromagnetic
background. We calculate the density of the relic dilaton, and estimate the
dilaton mass for which the dilaton becomes the dark matter of the universe.
With this we calculate the dilaton detection power in the resonant cavity, and
compare it with the axion detection power in similar resonant cavity
experiment.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figure
Requirement for Slit-1 and Robo-2 in zonal segregation of olfactory sensory neuron axons in the main olfactory bulb
The formation of precise stereotypic connections in sensory systems is critical for the ability to detect and process signals from the environment. In the olfactory system, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) project axons to spatially defined glomeruli within the olfactory bulb (OB). A spatial relationship exists between the location of OSNs within the olfactory epithelium (OE) and their glomerular targets
along the dorsoventral axis in the OB. The molecular mechanisms underlying the zonal segregation of OSN axons along the dorsoventral axis of the OB are poorly understood. Using robo-2/ (roundabout) and slit-1/ mice, we examined the role of the Slit family of axon
guidance cues in the targeting of OSN axons during development. We show that a subset of OSN axons that normally project to the dorsal region of the OB mistarget and form glomeruli in the ventral region in robo-2/ and slit-1/ mice. In addition, we show that the Slit
receptor, Robo-2, is expressed in OSNs in a high dorsomedial to low ventrolateral gradient across the OE and that Slit-1 and Slit-3 are expressed in the ventral region of the OB. These results indicate that the dorsal-to-ventral segregation of OSN axons are not solely defined
by the location of OSNs within the OE but also relies on axon guidance cues
Transverse Bragg-reflector injection lasers
A GaAs-GaAlAs injection laser has been tested that confines light in the lateral dimension (normal to junction plane) by a multilayer Bragg reflector. In the past, light has been confined as a result of the higher-index guiding region and resulting evanescent fields
Implementation of three-qubit Toffoli gate in a single step
Single-step implementations of multi-qubit gates are generally believed to
provide a simpler design, a faster operation, and a lower decoherence. For
coupled three qubits interacting with a photon field, a realizable scheme for a
single-step Toffoli gate is investigated. We find that the three qubit system
can be described by four effective modified Jaynes-Cummings models in the
states of two control qubits. Within the rotating wave approximation, the
modified Jaynes-Cummings models are shown to be reduced to the conventional
Jaynes-Cummings models with renormalized couplings between qubits and photon
fields. A single-step Toffoli gate is shown to be realizable with tuning the
four characteristic oscillation periods that satisfy a commensurate condition.
Possible values of system parameters are estimated for single-step Toffli gate.
From numerical calculation, further, our single-step Toffoli gate operation
errors are discussed due to imperfections in system parameters, which shows
that a Toffoli gate with high fidelity can be obtained by adjusting pairs of
the photon-qubit and the qubit-qubit coupling strengthes. In addition, a
decoherence effect on the Toffoli gate operation is discussed due to a thermal
reservoir.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR
Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in a Two-Dimensional Electron System
Experiments on a nearly spin degenerate two-dimensional electron system
reveals unusual hysteretic and relaxational transport in the fractional quantum
Hall effect regime. The transition between the spin-polarized (with fill
fraction ) and spin-unpolarized () states is accompanied
by a complicated series of hysteresis loops reminiscent of a classical
ferromagnet. In correlation with the hysteresis, magnetoresistance can either
grow or decay logarithmically in time with remarkable persistence and does not
saturate. In contrast to the established models of relaxation, the relaxation
rate exhibits an anomalous divergence as temperature is reduced. These results
indicate the presence of novel two-dimensional ferromagnetism with a
complicated magnetic domain dynamic.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Compressible Sub-Alfvenic MHD turbulence in Low-beta Plasmas
We present a model for compressible sub-Alfvenic isothermal
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in low-beta plasmas and numerically test
it. We separate MHD fluctuations into 3 distinct families - Alfven, slow, and
fast modes. We find that, production of slow and fast modes by Alfvenic
turbulence is suppressed. As a result, Alfven modes in compressible regime
exhibit scalings and anisotropy similar to those in incompressible regime. Slow
modes passively mimic Alfven modes. However, fast modes show isotropy and a
scaling similar to acoustic turbulence.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures, Phys. Rev. Lett., in pres
Influence of oxygen vacancy on the electronic structure of HfO film
We investigated the unoccupied part of the electronic structure of the
oxygen-deficient hafnium oxide (HfO) using soft x-ray absorption
spectroscopy at O and Hf edges. Band-tail states beneath the
unoccupied Hf 5 band are observed in the O -edge spectra; combined with
ultraviolet photoemission spectrum, this indicates the non-negligible
occupation of Hf 5 state. However, Hf -edge magnetic circular dichroism
spectrum reveals the absence of a long-range ferromagnetic spin order in the
oxide. Thus the small amount of electron gained by the vacancy formation
does not show inter-site correlation, contrary to a recent report [M.
Venkatesan {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf 430}, 630 (2004)].Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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Development Of Third Harmonic Generation As A Short Pulse Probe Of Shock Heated Material
We are studying high-pressure laser produced shock waves in silicon (100). To examine the material dynamics, we are performing pump-probe style experiments utilizing 600 ps and 40 fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser. Two-dimensional interferometry reveals information about the shock breakout, while third harmonic light generated at the rear surface is used to infer the crystalline state of the material as a function of time. Sustained third harmonic generation (THG) during a similar to 100 kbar shock breakout indicate that the rear surface remains crystalline for at least 3 ns. However, a decrease in THG during a similar to 300 kbar shock breakout suggests a different behavior, which could include a change in crystalline structure.Mechanical Engineerin
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