Buy, Subscribe, or Borrow? Consumers’ Use Preferences for Information Products

The information industry has been exploring business models for digital information products, but it was not until recent years that the new access model, especially subscription-based services, became popular. Thanks to the advancement of streaming technology, online advertisement, and DRM technology, information providers were able to design various pricing schemes and provide various services for users with different needs. Consumers seem to favor these services increasingly, but some questions remain: Is there a significant shift in users’ general preferences for all media content? Do they prefer any particular models under specific circumstances? What factors are related to users’ preferences? This paper reports and compares the results of two surveys on consumers’ preferences for obtaining books, music, and movies. One survey focused on general users, using a sample of 304 participants aged between 22 and 75, and the other focused on “Generation Z,” using a sample of 323 college students, mostly between 18 and 21 years old. This study found that consumers’ preferred ways of obtaining information products vary by age, type of content, and purpose of use; users’ preferences for obtaining movie content is quite stabilized; the college students tend to prefer access more than the older group did but not in the case of books. In addition, the “older users” are at least as adapted to the digital format as Generation Z, but the younger groups are less likely to borrow information content from the library

Can Fear Stop Animal Cruelty in Fashion Industry? The Effect of Negative Arousal in a Nonprofit Organization’s Social Media Campaigns

This study focuses on the issue of animal cruelty which is a relatively under-investigated topic in the fashion industry and aims to investigate how different levels of animal cruelty depicted in nonprofit organizations’ ethical consumption campaigns translate into viewers’ negative emotions and lead to supportive behavior and ethical consumption intention

Can Fear Stop Animal Cruelty in Fashion Industry? The Effect of Negative Arousal in a Nonprofit Organization’s Social Media Campaigns

This study focuses on the issue of animal cruelty which is a relatively under-investigated topic in the fashion industry and aims to investigate how different levels of animal cruelty depicted in nonprofit organizations’ ethical consumption campaigns translate into viewers’ negative emotions and lead to supportive behavior and ethical consumption intention.</p

Effects of Magnetizing Yoke Design on the Magnetic Properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B Permanent Magnet for Electric Vehicle Motor Applications

When the uniformity of the magnetization yoke is low, a mismatch occurs between the physical rotation center and the center due to the magnetic force after magnetization. This discrepancy in rotation can cause issues such as vibration and noise during high-speed rotation, which in the long term leads to a decrease in the lifespan of the motor. In addition, in order to minimize the problem of motor lifespan when a vehicle is used for more than 10 years after purchase, the problems caused by magnetization should be solved as far as possible. In this study, magnetization yokes were designed in various ways to optimize the factors that affect the magnetic properties after the magnetization of the Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets used in electric motors. In the case of a 50 µm deviation between the coils wound inside the magnetization yoke, the magnetic property imbalance of the Nd2Fe14B magnets and the motor characteristics are not significantly affected after magnetization. However, when the center of the coil wound inside the yoke is shifted from the center of the yoke, the magnetic field is generated unevenly, which degrades both the magnetic and motor characteristics of the Nd2Fe14B magnet. Therefore, it is very important to control the center of the coil that generates the external magnetic field in the magnetized yoke in order to magnetize the Nd2Fe14B magnet with excellent magnetic properties

Effects of Magnetizing Yoke Design on the Magnetic Properties of Nd2Fe14B Permanent Magnet for Electric Vehicle Motor Applications

When the uniformity of the magnetization yoke is low, a mismatch occurs between the physical rotation center and the center due to the magnetic force after magnetization. This discrepancy in rotation can cause issues such as vibration and noise during high-speed rotation, which in the long term leads to a decrease in the lifespan of the motor. In addition, in order to minimize the problem of motor lifespan when a vehicle is used for more than 10 years after purchase, the problems caused by magnetization should be solved as far as possible. In this study, magnetization yokes were designed in various ways to optimize the factors that affect the magnetic properties after the magnetization of the Nd2Fe14B permanent magnets used in electric motors. In the case of a 50 &micro;m deviation between the coils wound inside the magnetization yoke, the magnetic property imbalance of the Nd2Fe14B magnets and the motor characteristics are not significantly affected after magnetization. However, when the center of the coil wound inside the yoke is shifted from the center of the yoke, the magnetic field is generated unevenly, which degrades both the magnetic and motor characteristics of the Nd2Fe14B magnet. Therefore, it is very important to control the center of the coil that generates the external magnetic field in the magnetized yoke in order to magnetize the Nd2Fe14B magnet with excellent magnetic properties

Comparison of numerical schemes for improved prediction model of fecal indicator bacteria in a riverine system

Different numerical schemes for the fate and transport models of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were used to predict the concentration of FIB in a creek, which were then compared to a steady state model (QUAL2E). Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci bacteria (ENT) were selected as representative FIB to compare the model performance under different flow and weather conditions in the Gwangju Creek in Korea. The results revealed that model accuracy of the forward time centered space (FTCS) scheme is the highest compared to the upstream, Dufort-Frankel, Crank-Nicolson methods and steady state model (QUAL2E) under dry weather conditions. In wet weather conditions, however, the upstream scheme shows the best performance among the five models. The upstream scheme thus represented a potential method for predicting the fate and transport of FIB originating from nonpoint sources during the rainy season. This study demonstrates that prediction results could vary in response to different numerical schemes and that the amount of discrepancy between the observed and predicted results can be quite significant. We expect that this study could be applied to the water quality forecasting system as a real time management in near future.clos

Impact of Morphology on the High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V for Aerospace

The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy are affected by its microstructures. However, the effects of these microstructures on the high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with a mixed structure (α + β phases) remain unknown. In this study, three alloy specimens were prepared using different hot-deformation methods, and their microstructures were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Fatigue tests were then performed to determine their high cycle fatigue and fatigue crack propagation behavior. All specimens showed a bimodal structure, but the morphology of each phase (e.g., diameter, shape, and volume fraction) showed notable differences. Among the samples prepared, the forged sample (FS) showed the lowest fatigue strength in all cycles. The fatigue strength of the homogeneously rolled sample (HS) was slightly higher than that of the rolled sample (RS) below 106 cycles but lower above 106 cycles. Compared with those of RS and HS, the secondary α (αs) grain width of FS was twofold larger. The interconnected primary α (αp) phase clusters in HS appeared to promote microcrack propagation

Development of a time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector.

PurposeWe developed a compact and lightweight time-resolved mirrorless scintillation detector (TRMLSD) employing image processing techniques and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) dosimetry.MethodsThe TRMLSD comprises a camera and an inorganic scintillator plate without a mirror. The camera was installed at a certain angle from the horizontal plane to collect scintillation from the scintillator plate. The geometric distortion due to the absence of a mirror and camera lens was corrected using a projective transform. Variations in brightness due to the distance between the image sensor and each point on the scintillator plate and the inhomogeneity of the material constituting the scintillator were corrected using a 20.0 × 20.0 cm2 radiation field. Hot pixels were removed using a frame-based noise-reduction technique. Finally, a CNN-based 2D dose distribution deconvolution model was applied to compensate for the dose error in the penumbra region and a lack of backscatter. The linearity, reproducibility, dose rate dependency, and dose profile were tested for a 6 MV X-ray beam to verify dosimeter characteristics. Gamma analysis was performed for two simple and 10 clinical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans.ResultsThe dose linearity with brightness ranging from 0.0 cGy to 200.0 cGy was 0.9998 (R-squared value), and the root-mean-square error value was 1.010. For five consecutive measurements, the reproducibility was within 3% error, and the dose rate dependency was within 1%. The depth dose distribution and lateral dose profile coincided with the ionization chamber data with a 1% mean error. In 2D dosimetry for IMRT plans, the mean gamma passing rates with a 3%/3 mm gamma criterion for the two simple and ten clinical IMRT plans were 96.77% and 95.75%, respectively.ConclusionThe verified accuracy and time-resolved characteristics of the dosimeter may be useful for the quality assurance of machines and patient-specific quality assurance for clinical step-and-shoot IMRT plans