Strong ferromagnetism in Pt-coated ZnCoO: The role of interstitial hydrogen

We observed strong ferromagnetism in ZnCoO as a result of high concentration hydrogen absorption. Coating ZnCoO with Pt layer, and ensuing hydrogen treatment with a high isostatic pressure resulted in a highly increased carrier concentration of 10(21)/cm(3). This hydrogen treatment induced a strong ferromagnetism at low temperature that turned to superparamagnetism at about 140 K. We performed density functional method computations and found that the interstitial H dopants promote the ferromagnetic ordering between scattered Co dopants. On the other hand, interstitial hydrogen can decrease the magnetic exchange energy of Co-H-Co complexes, leading to a reduction in the blocking temperature.open7

The heme oxygenase-1 genotype is a risk factor to renal impairment of IgA nephropathy at diagnosis, which is a strong predictor of mortality

The induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammatory process, which play important roles in IgA nephropathy. We hypothesized length polymorphism in the promoter region of the HO-1 gene, which is related to the level of gene transcription, is associated with disease severity of IgA nephropathy. The subjects comprised 916 patients with IgA nephropathy and gene data. Renal impairment was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) at diagnosis. The short (S: 28) (GT) repeats in the HO-1 gene was determined. The frequencies of S/S, S/M, M/M, S/L, L/M, and L/L genotypes were 7.2%, 6.9%, 3.1%, 30.8%, 22.7%, and 29.4%, respectively. The baseline characteristics were not different. In the S/S genotypic group, the renal impairment rate was 18.2%, which was lower than 32.2% in the group with M/M, L/M, or L/L genotype. The odds ratio of renal impairment in S/S genotype, compared to that in M/M, L/M, or L/L genotype, was 0.216 (95% confidence interval, 0.060-0.774, p=0.019). The HO-1 gene promoter length polymorphism was related to the renal impairment of IgA nephropathy at diagnosis, which is an important risk factor for mortality in IgA nephropathy patients

Ferromagnetic spin ordering in amorphous Co-doped InGaZnO based on the Co–H–Co complex

We report on ferromagnetic spin ordering in amorphous Co-doped InGaZnO (Co-IGZO) based on hydrogen mediation. The amorphous structure was maintained after hydrogenation using hot isostatic pressing. Changes in the electrical and optical characteristics were attributed to interactions between hydrogen and each element in Co-IGZO. The ferromagnetism of hydrogenated Co-IGZO, induced in the amorphous phase without long-range ordering, was manifested by spin-spin interactions of the Co–H–Co complex acting as an individual magnetic unit, similar to a single molecular magnet. It is suggested that the electron carriers mediate the correlation between Co–H–Co units

Abnormally High-Lithium Storage in Pure Crystalline C-60 Nanoparticles

Li+ intercalates into a pure face-centered-cubic (fcc) C-60 structure instead of being adsorbed on a single C-60 molecule. This hinders the excess storage of Li ions in Li-ion batteries, thereby limiting their applications. However, the associated electrochemical processes and mechanisms have not been investigated owing to the low electrochemical reactivity and poor crystallinity of the C-60 powder. Herein, a facile method for synthesizing pure fcc C-60 nanoparticles with uniform morphology and superior electrochemical performance in both half- and full-cells is demonstrated using a 1 m LiPF6 solution in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1 vol%) with 10% fluoroethylene carbonate. The specific capacity of the C-60 nanoparticles during the second discharge reaches approximate to 750 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1), approximately twice that of graphite. Moreover, by applying in situ X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and first-principles calculations, an abnormally high Li storage in a crystalline C-60 structure is proposed based on the vacant sites among the C-60 molecules, Li clusters at different sites, and structural changes during the discharge/charge process. The fcc of C-60 transforms tetragonal via orthorhombic LixC60 and back to the cubic phase during discharge. The presented results will facilitate the development of novel fullerene-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries