Iván Jacksic y Eduardo Posada Carbó (editores), Liberalismo y poder. Latinoamérica en el siglo XIX, Santiago, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2011. 342 p.

La emancipación de las colonias latinoamericanas fue un proceso que tuvo la influencia directa del liberalismo europeo, cuyo contenido ideológico formó parte primordial de la base que sirvió para organizar los Estados, los regímenes políticos y la construcción civil de estas jóvenes naciones. Sin embargo, este pensamiento se desarrolló de manera diferente y tuvo adaptaciones diversas en cada una de ellas, debido a que poseían necesidades y realidades diferentes. Pues bien, este tema correspon..

The Ubiquitin System and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification in which one or more ubiquitin molecules are covalently linked to lysine residues of target proteins. The ubiquitin system plays a key role in the regulation of protein degradation, which contributes to cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis, and immune regulation. Bacterial and viral pathogens exploit the cellular ubiquitin system by encoding their own proteins to serve their survival and replication in infected cells. Recent studies have revealed that Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) manipulates the ubiquitin system of infected cells to facilitate cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and evasion from immunity. This review summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms used by KSHV to interact with the cellular ubiquitin machinery

Genetic Analysis, Expression in Eschericia coli of Aconitase from Chemolithotrophic Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

An aconitase from Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans was purified and characterized, and its gene was cloned. The cloned aconitase gene (acn) was expressed in Escherichia coli JM 109; aconitase activity was found in the cell extarct. The acn gene encodes a 646-amino acid polypeptide and is located upstream of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (icd). A. thiooxidans aconitase showes high sequence similar to pig heart aconitase and E.coli aconitase B. Twenty-five of twenty-seven active site residues assigned in pig heart aconitase are conserved in A. thiooxidans aconitase. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-Toyopearl 650M column chromatogrophy. The purified enzyme had an optimum pH of 7.5 and an optimum temperature of 60 C. Thermal inactivation studies of the purified enzyme revealed the enzyme activity to be uninfluenced after one hour incubation at 40 c. Enzyme activity was retained 100% after incubation of the enzyme at pH 6.0-9.0 for 60min. The A. thiooxidans aconitase was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular mass of 66 kDa

フィールドレポート : クィア領域における調査研究にまつわる倫理や手続きを考える : フィールドワーク経験にもとづくガイドライン試案

This paper lists ethical and procedural points that the co-authors believe are crucial for both researchers and research subjects in the realm of queer studies. While the definition of the term "queer(kuia)" in Japanese tends to be broader and more ambiguous than in English because there is no strict equivalent to "queer" in Japanese language, in this paper the authors start with the premise that Japanese-language research projects in the queer realm tend to be interdisciplinary and tend to involve people who identify themselves as sexual minorities, commonly called "LGBT(lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender)." As such, research endeavors in the queer realm have different kinds of difficulties and risks from those in other realms. Though each researcher usually belongs to another, more traditional discipline such as sociology, art history, and literary studies, among others, in addition to queer studies, the existing guidelines and textbooks in such traditional disciplines do not address the risks and problems particular to research in the queer realm. As the first attempt in the Japanese language to "spell out" such queerrelated risks, issues, and also possible ways to alleviate them, this tentative guideline nevertheless does not profess to be comprehensive or universal. Yet the authors believe that it is imperative for Japanese-language "queer" researchers to start to acknowledge specific risks and issues. In order to help the researchers(including graduate and undergraduate students), instructors(including the ones that are not at all aware of LGBT issues), research subjects or collaborators(who give interviews and provide informational materials such as the back issues of self-published zines), this paper is organized in four categories. They are: 1)"what needs to be considered in the field of queer inquiry by both the researchers and research subjects," 2)"what both the instructors and students of queer subject matter need to be careful about in the academic context," 3) "important points about textual analysis of queer material," and 4) "necessary procedures at the time of publishing and presenting the results of queer research topics." This paper discusses the complex dynamics between researchers and research subjects especially in cases in which the researchers themselves are members of sexual minorities. In such cases, the researchers might encourage research subjects of the same minority group to participate in their research without obtaining enough information about the skill, scope and aim of the researcher and the research project. This paper also examines the differences between queer readings and outing the artists and authors of the texts and representations, among many other issues

Development of early neutropenic fever, with or without bacterial infection, is still a significant complication after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation

AbstractLittle information is available on the clinical characteristics of infectious complications that occur in the early period after reduced-intensity stem cell transplantation (RIST). We retrospectively investigated the clinical features of neutropenic fever and infectious episodes within 30 days after RIST in 76 patients who had received fluoroquinolones as part of their antibacterial prophylaxis. Preparative regimens included cladribine 0.66 mg/kg or fludarabine 180 mg/m2 plus busulfan 8 mg/kg. All but 1 patient survived 30 days after transplantation, and 75 patients (99%) became neutropenic within a median duration of 9 days. Neutropenic fever was observed in 29 patients (38%), and bacterial infection was confirmed in 15 (20%) of these, including bacteremia (n = 13), bacteremia plus pneumonia (n = 1), and urinary tract infection (n = 1). The causative organisms were gram-positive (n = 9) and gram-negative organisms (n = 7), with a mortality rate of 6%. Neither viral nor fungal infection was documented. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of neutropenia at the initiation of preparative regimens was an independent risk factor for subsequent documented bacterial infections (P = .026; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–35.1). We conclude that neutropenic fever and bacteremia remain common complications in RIST

Novel function of HATs and HDACs in homologous recombination through acetylation of human RAD52 at double-strand break sites

The p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases are recruited to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites where they induce histone acetylation, thereby influencing the chromatin structure and DNA repair process. Whether p300/CBP at DSB sites also acetylate non-histone proteins, and how their acetylation affects DSB repair, remain unknown. Here we show that p300/CBP acetylate RAD52, a human homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair protein, at DSB sites. Using in vitro acetylated RAD52, we identified 13 potential acetylation sites in RAD52 by a mass spectrometry analysis. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that RAD52 acetylation at DSBs sites is counteracted by SIRT2- and SIRT3-mediated deacetylation, and that non-acetylated RAD52 initially accumulates at DSB sites, but dissociates prematurely from them. In the absence of RAD52 acetylation, RAD51, which plays a central role in HR, also dissociates prematurely from DSB sites, and hence HR is impaired. Furthermore, inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein by siRNA or inhibitor treatment demonstrated that the acetylation of RAD52 at DSB sites is dependent on the ATM protein kinase activity, through the formation of RAD52, p300/CBP, SIRT2, and SIRT3 foci at DSB sites. Our findings clarify the importance of RAD52 acetylation in HR and its underlying mechanism