Education in inpatient children and young people’s mental health services

<p>As a chronic disease, osteoarthritis (OA) leads to the degradation of both cartilage and subchondral bone, its development being mediated by proinflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effect of specnuezhenide (SPN) in OA and its underlying mechanism were studied in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SPN decreases the expression of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes and the activation of NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increases chondrocyte-specific gene expression in IL-1β-induced inflammation in chondrocytes. Furthermore, SPN treatment prevents the degeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of OA. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report that SPN decreases interleukin-1β-induced inflammation in rat chondrocytes by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB and wnt/β-catenin pathways, and, thus, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of OA.</p

Additional file 1 of Fully endoscopic approach for resection of brainstem cavernous malformations: a systematic review of the literature

Supplementary Material

Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of the thickness and OIAC measurements in the SN quadrant, ST quadrant, and global average of mRNFL (expressed as TRNFL_SN, TRNFL_ST, TRNFL, and ARNFL_SN, ARNFL_ST, ARNFL, respectively).

<p>Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) of the thickness and OIAC measurements in the SN quadrant, ST quadrant, and global average of mRNFL (expressed as TRNFL_SN, TRNFL_ST, TRNFL, and ARNFL_SN, ARNFL_ST, ARNFL, respectively).</p

Comparison of OIACs (mm^-1) in the mRNFL and GCIPL between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.

<p>Comparison of OIACs (mm^-1) in the mRNFL and GCIPL between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.</p

Correlation analysis between the optical intensity ratio and the thickness of the mRNFL and GCIPL for pituitary adenoma patients and controls.

<p>Correlation analysis between the optical intensity ratio and the thickness of the mRNFL and GCIPL for pituitary adenoma patients and controls.</p

Comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.

<p>Comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.</p

Comparison of thickness (μm) in the layers of interest and total retina between pituitary adenoma patients and controls according to each quadrant and average of the entire layer.

<p>Comparison of thickness (μm) in the layers of interest and total retina between pituitary adenoma patients and controls according to each quadrant and average of the entire layer.</p

Pairwise comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) between the thickness and OIAC measurements in the SN quadrant, ST quadrant, and global average of mRNFL.

<p>Pairwise comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) between the thickness and OIAC measurements in the SN quadrant, ST quadrant, and global average of mRNFL.</p

Comparison of demographic and image quality information between patients with pituitary adenoma and controls.

<p>Comparison of demographic and image quality information between patients with pituitary adenoma and controls.</p

Comparison of optical intensity ratio in the mRNFL and GCIPL between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.

<p>Comparison of optical intensity ratio in the mRNFL and GCIPL between pituitary adenoma patients and controls.</p