Role of postpartum Kegel exercises in the prevention and cure of stress incontinence

Background: Urinary incontinence in the post partum is a significant health problem in women with serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. The objective of this article is to educate women the correct method to do Kegel exercises, to assess their improvement and to introduce Kegel exercise regimen in every women in the postpartum period.Methods: 72 women in postpartum period with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) included in the study from January 2012 to July 2014 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VCSGGMSRI Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal, India. Women divided into 2 groups, first group of supervised Kegel exercises and second group was of women doing pelvic floor exercises at home. To monitor improvement, monthly assessment of pelvic floor function (vaginal palpation and observation) and measurement of PFM strength (vaginal squeeze pressure) by physician and patient both, done in the 2 groups.Results: The women were in the age group of 18-39 years. There were 15 % patients in dry category, 52 % had good improvement and 21 % had fair results. In the supervised exercise group the patients with good clinical response were 80% in the cured and borderline responder category. In the non-supervised group patients in the cured and borderline responders group were (6) 16% and (12) 33% respectively.Conclusions: The high cure rate depends on the factors like how correctly the Kegel exercises were instructed, how correctly the patients learned and performed them

Prevalence of different components of the metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetics attending tertiary care hospital in Himalayan region

Background: There are enormous studies on various aspect of Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome, majority of studies are on urban population, few in rural area but very few for the population living in far flung hilly region of Himalaya. The aim was to find the prevalence of different components of metabolic syndrome in Type 2 diabetics living in the hills of Himalaya and to find correlation with obesity.Methods: All the Type 2 Diabetic patients age 35 years and above attending the inpatients and out patient’s department of V. C. S. G. G. M. C and RI Srinagar, Uttarakhand from October 2012 to March 2013 were enrolled and were evaluated for metabolic syndrome by IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria.Results: 128 diabetics were enrolled (76 males and 52 females), the prevalence of obesity in patients of type 2 diabetics was 45.3%. There was poor correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes (correlation coefficient 0.08) The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 40.6 % and high percentage (62%) had all five components of the syndrome.Conclusions: The prevalence of obesity and Metabolic syndrome is relatively lower in Type 2 Diabetics of Shivalik range of Himalaya (Uttarakhand)

Eclampsia: an enigma

Background: Eclampsia is the commonest cause of convulsions in pregnancy next being epilepsy. Incidence varies from 1 in 100 to 1 in 2000 pregnancies. Eclampsia accounts for 24% of all maternal deaths in India. Eclampsia is a significant cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity in non-industrialised countries (up to 40% perinatal deaths).Methods: We are reporting a retrospective study on the patients of eclampsia attending a tertiary care hospital. The study included 3907 deliveries conducted in VCSG Govt. Medical Science & Research Institute, Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand from April 2012 to Sep. 2014.Results: The total number of eclampsia cases was 98. The antepartum eclampsia cases were 87 and the postpartum eclampsia cases were 11.The incidence of antepartum eclampsia was 2.22% (87/3907) at our center. The total number of maternal deaths due to eclampsia was 6. The total Case Fatality Rate was 11.11% (6/57). There were 6 early neonatal deaths most commonly due to prematurity. There were 20 (22.99%) intrauterine deaths.Conclusions: Early prediction and diagnosis requires high index of suspicion and comprehensive training of health professionals at all levels of health care. The answer to poor management of eclampsia lies in better education and training of all obstetricians, anesthetists, midwives, and general practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Study of inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee

Background: The aim of the present study was to analyse inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and to formulate reliable disease markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.Methods: This prospective study was conducted for 2 years in a tertiary care center in 60 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and compared them with 60 controls that had no signs of osteoarthritis.Results: The hematological markers to study inflammatory basis of idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee suggested that ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was more than 20 mm/hour in 83.3%. Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and CRP (C-reactive protein) was positive in 8.3% and 13.3% patients respectively. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 2 (3.3%) patients and negative in 58 (96.7%) patients. Synovial fluid analysis was done in 44 patients with RF positivity in only 1 patient. The control group has ESR less than 30 mm/hour and CRP was (<3 µg/ml). In the control group RF and ANA were similar to the normal population.Conclusions: Synovial fluid analysis is of value to rule out crystal arthropathies and pyogenic arthritis. The study indicates that ESR, CRP and RF collectively can serve as surrogate markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. Further studies need to be done to formulate reliable disease markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee.

Fruit Detection and Classification using YOLO Models

Computer Vision and Deep Learning techniques have become an advent in multiple domains like healthcare, Technology, as well as Agriculture . Computer vision techniques like object detection are being widely used in agriculture to reduce to efforts required and make agriculture a little more efficient for the farmers. The applications of deep learning in agriculture include leaf disease detection and weather forecasting, and the most advent applications include object detection to detect fruits, and vegetables which can be ensembled with robotics for automated yield production and harvesting. The proposed article describes one such application of fruit detection using various YOLO (You Only Look Once) models. The study encompasses four fruit classes namely Chiku, Mango, Mosambi, and Tomato. Models of Yolo V3, Yolo V4, and Yolo V8 were trained on a customized dataset collected from Indian farms and fruit gardens. The real time images images were collected, pre-processed, and annotated using online labeling tools. A total of 1200 images were used as a part of the complete training process. Basic preprocessing was performed on these images and possible inbuilt augmentation techniques supported by the above-mentioned models were used.Training is applied on custom dataset for all classes. In this experiment we have received the F1 score for YOLOv3(Chiku-82%.Mamgo-91%,Mosambi-87%,,Tomato-77%),YOLOv4(Chiku-89%.Mamgo-98%,Mosambi-95%,,Tomato-91%) and YOLOV8 (Chiku-90%.Mamgo-75%,Mosambi-82%,,Tomato-84%)models. In these models YOLOv4 with two layers gives the highest accuracy for all the classes

A REVIEW ON COVID-19-A GLOBAL BATTLE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH

Currently, the globe is affected by a severe pandemic scenario of COVID-19 infection. The Covid-19 infectious disease is spreading everywhere on the globe particularly in developed countries like China, u. s. Italy, France, Spain, Iran, England, Germany, South Korea, etc. a deadly disease of a unique coronavirus (COVID‐19 or 2019‐CoV) infection has exhibited significant threats to global health, and also the economy. Following an outbreak of pneumonia without a transparent cause within the city of Wuhan in China, a novel strain of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was detected in December 2019. Coronavirus is called for the spikes that protrude from their membranes just like the sun's corona. In line with WHO, Common signs of infection embrace fever, cold, cough, and respiratory difficulties like dyspnea, pneumonia. Within the absence of treatment for this virus, there's an imperative got to notice various strategies to manage the unfold of disease. It's “Corona time,” however; unfortunately, it's the virus that we tend to speak. In this paper, the origin of the viral infection, the clinical characteristics of Covid-19, etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms treatment and hindrance of Covid-19 are comprehensively detailed. At the time of this writing there are more queries than answers. The aim of our article is to provide a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 to the peoples, so they'll better understand it and prevent it

Pattern and outcome of donor deferral -? need of hour

Background: To analyze various reasons for blood donor deferral and to study its long term impact on potential prospective blood donors.Methods: A total of 26029, otherwise healthy, prospective blood donors were studied retrospectively over a period of 5 years. WHO blood donor selection criteria and counseling guidelines were used for donor selection. Donor deferral data was evaluated with respect to age, sex and cause of deferral which was further analyzed as temporary or permanent deferral.Results: 1448 (5.56%) blood donors were deferred for various reasons. 1232 (4.89%) of total male donors and 216 (26.83%) of total female blood donors were deferred.1378 (95.16%) donors were deferred on temporary basis and only 70 (4.84 %) donors were permanently deferred. Anemia (42.26%) was observed to be the most common cause of temporary donor deferral while hypertension with cardiac disorder (1.93%) was the most common cause of permanent deferral. All the temporary deferred donors (1378) were called after the period of deferment. Out of total 1378 temporarily deferred donors, only 129 donors returned later for voluntary donation.Conclusions: Establishment of effective measures is needed in regard to consider the effect of donor deferrals on future availability of donor and donor return and to monitor necessity and effectiveness of deferrals and their reasons. As percentage of temporary deferral is higher, they should be efficiently managed, counseled, educated and encouraged for future donation which can compensate the increasing demand of blood donors

Molecular expression and characterization of Taenia solium TS14 gene for sensitive detection of porcine cysticercosis

In the present study, molecular expression and characterization of TS14 gene of Taenia solium (Indian isolate) was carried out for sero-prevalence study of porcine cysticercosis. The complete open reading frame (ORF) of TS14 gene was amplified by RT-PCR from mRNA isolated from T. solium cysticerci (Indian isolate). The amplicon was cloned into the pET-32a(+) expression vector and used to transform Escherichia coli BL21 codon(+) cells to produce TS14 antigen. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the TS14 were aligned against the related sequences of T. solium available in public domain for in silico analysis by DNA STAR and MEGA version 4.0 softwares. The nucleotide sequence revealed that the TS14 gene of T. solium (Indian isolate) encodes 85 amino acids and its nucleotide sequence had 98.8% to 99.5% sequence homology with that of China, Peru and Mexico isolates. A high-level expression of the recombinant protein was observed in the molecular range (Mr) of 29 kDa. The rTS14 was confirmed by its specific immunoreactivity against hyper-immune and known reference positive pig sera (8). The protein was serologically non-reactive to known cysticercus negative pig sera samples and further lacks cross-reactivity against hydatid cyst positive pig sera. The present preliminary investigation revealed the good potential of rTS14 for serodiagnosis of T. solium cysticercosis