Prevalence of upper-cross syndrome in college going students-a cross sectional study

Background: Upper cross syndrome is becoming more prevalent in today’s population. Upper crossed syndrome refers to overactive and underactive muscles group in the neck and shoulder girdle. Our aim in this study is to check the tightness and weakness of shoulder and scapular muscles.Methods: 100 adults with age group between 18-23 years were randomly selected for the study. All the students were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tightness for pectoralis major, trapezius weakness and neck disability index (NDI) was measured. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. Mean and SD was analyzed. Frequency was assessed with percentage.Results: Frequency of tightness of pectoralis major was 8% and weakness of trapezius was 59% respectively. NDI values with mean values 36.66 (30.89) was measured.Conclusions: Upper cross syndrome is found to be prevalent in college going students

Resistance distance in kk-coalescence of certain graphs

Any graph can be considered as a network of resistors, each of which has a resistance of $1 \Omega.$ The resistance distance $r_{ij}$ between a pair of vertices $i$ and $j$ in a graph is defined as the effective resistance between $i$ and $j$. This article deals with the resistance distance in the $k$-coalescence of complete graphs. We also present its results in connection with the Kemeny's constant, Kirchhoff index, additive degree-Kirchhoff index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and mixed degree-Kirchhoff index. Moreover, we obtain the resistance distance in the $k$-coalescence of a complete graph with particular graphs. As an application, we provide the resistance distance of certain graphs such as the vertex coalescence of a complete bipartite graph with a complete graph, a complete bipartite graph with a star graph, the windmill graph, pineapple graph, etc

A study on kk-coalescence of two graphs

The $k$-coalescence of two graphs is obtained by merging a $k$-clique of each graph. The $A_\alpha$-matrix of a graph is the convex combination of its degree matrix and adjacency matrix. In this paper, we present some structural properties of a non-regular graph which is obtained from the $k$-coalescence of two graphs. Also, we derive the $A_\alpha$-characteristic polynomial of $k$-coalescence of two graphs and then compute the $A_\alpha$-spectra of $k$-coalescence of two complete graphs. In addition, we estimate the $A_\alpha$-energy of $k$-coalescence of two complete graphs. Furthermore, we obtain some topological indices of $k$-coalescence of two graphs, and as an application, we determine the Wiener, hyper-Wiener and Zagreb indices of Lollipop and Dumbbell graphs. From these results, we calculate the Wiener, hyper-Wiener and Zagreb indices of the organic compound 1,2-dicyclohexylethane(\ce{C_{14}H_{26}})

On the distance spectrum and distance-based topological indices of central vertex-edge join of three graphs

Topological indices are molecular descriptors that describe the properties of chemical compounds. These topological indices correlate specific physico-chemical properties like boiling point, enthalpy of vaporization, strain energy, and stability of chemical compounds. This article introduces a new graph operation based on central graph called central vertex-edge join and provides its results related to graph invariants like eccentric-connectivity index, connective eccentricity index, total-eccentricity index, average eccentricity index, Zagreb eccentricity indices, eccentric geometric-arithmetic index, eccentric atom-bond connectivity index, and Wiener index. Also, we discuss the distance spectrum of the central vertex-edge join of three regular graphs. Furthermore, we obtain new families of $D$-equienergetic graphs, which are non $D$-cospectral

Adjacency Spectrum and Wiener Index of the Essential Ideal Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring Zn\mathbb{Z}_{n}

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with unity. The essential ideal graph $\mathcal{E}_{R}$ of $R$, is a graph with a vertex set consisting of all nonzero proper ideals of \textit{R} and two vertices $I$ and $K$ are adjacent if and only if $I+ K$ is an essential ideal. In this paper, we study the adjacency spectrum of the essential ideal graph of the finite commutative ring $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$, for $n=\{p^{m}, p^{m_{1}}q^{m_{2}}\}$, where $p,q$ are distinct primes, and $m,m_{1}, m_2\in \mathbb N$. We show that $0$ is an eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ if and only if either $n= p^2$ or $n$ is not a product of distinct primes. We also determine all the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $\mathcal{E}_{\mathbb{Z}_{n}}$ whenever $n$ is a product of three or four distinct primes. Moreover, we calculate the topological indices, namely the Wiener index and hyper-Wiener index of the essential ideal graph of $\mathbb{Z}_{n}$ for different forms of $n$Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur

Tumor Clearance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer With and Without Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian tumors are one of the most common gynecological malignancy in India. It is the leading cause of death from malignancies arising in female genital tract. Patients with ovarian tumors are often symptom free for a long time. By the time ovarian malignancy is diagnosed, about 2/3rd of these have already become far advanced and the prognosis in such cases is unfavourable. Patients with advanced ovarian cancer should be treated by radical debulking surgery aiming at complete tumor resection. But 70% of the patients present with advanced disease optimal debulking cannot be obtained due to multifactorial reasons like biological aggressiveness of tumors, coexisting medical problem and experience of surgeon. Many trials proved that giving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and post chemotherapy debulking had significant improvement in progression free interval and overall survival. It also permits a less aggressive surgery to be performed. AIM OF THE STUDY: The Aim is to study the tumor clearance effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian tumor in terms of optimal debulking, ascitic fluid volume reduction, blood transfusion requirements and to compare it with those who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Study: Prospective study. Setting: Patients with advanced ovarian tumor admitted in Institute of Social Obstetrics, Triplicane, Chennai-5 from July 2008 to Dec 2009 were included in the study. MATERIALS: Inclusion Criteria: • Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian tumor (stage 3 & 4). • No previous Chemotherapy. • No Previous Surgery for the same complaint. • Willing to take neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and then follow it up with surgery. Exclusion Criteria: • Early stage epithelial ovarian tumor (Stage 1 & 2). • Borderline tumor. • Non-epithelial ovarian tumor. • Those who were treated with some form of Oncotherapy. • Not willing to wait for surgery following CT. METHODOLOGY: All patients enrolled in the study will undergo detailed physical examination, routine hematological, biochemical investigations, Ultrasound and CT Scan. For those patients with ascites, ascitic fluid sent for cytology. If Cytology report cofirms that it is Epithelial ovarian tumor. Patient receives Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of Cisplatin 75mg/sq.m, Cyclophosphamide 750mg/sq. m for 3 cycles – 6 weeks After 6 weeks, undergo interval debulking surgery. Optimal Debulking, Ascitic fluid volume, Blood transfusion rate are compared with the control group. Control group in this study will be those patients with advanced epithelial tumor who have not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and undergone primary cytoreductive surgery in the past in Institute of Social Obstetrics, Triplicane, Chennai – 5. The results were analysed using Chi-Square tests. CONCLUSION: Neo adjuvant chemotherapy is significantly more effective in achieving optimal cytoreduction and reducing ascitic fluid volume in advanced ovarian cancer. Blood transfusion requirement is significantly less in neo adjuvant chemotherapy group. Adhesions are found to be significantly less in NACT group

BIOANALYSIS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SMALL MOLECULES IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A BIOANALYST REVIEW POINT

The focus of bioanalysis employed for the quantitative determination of an active analyte(s) and their metabolite(s) in the biological matrix such as plasma, serum, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues. The extraction of analyte and metabolite in the biological fluids is carried out using different separation methods such as protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction. Bioanalytical method development and validation in the pharmaceutical industry are to provide an assessment and interpretation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicokinetics, bioavailability/bioequivalence, and therapeutic drug monitoring relationships. This review paper aims to provide a simple and accurate scientific background to improve the quality for development and validation of a bioanalytical method for small molecules with industrial technique as per regulatory agency requirements (United States Food and Drug Administration, EMEA, International Council for Harmonisation and ANVISA)

Prediction of Indoor Air Quality in a School Building Using Risk Model

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Spontaneous bilateral adrenal hemorrhage of pregnancy

Spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage of pregnancy is an acute hemorrhage into the adrenal gland in pregnancy in the absence of trauma, tumor or decoagulant therapy. This can have catastrophic consequences on the mother and the baby and if the hemorrhage involves both the adrenal glands the risk is aggravated because of the high incidence of resulting adrenal insufficiency. We report a case of spontaneous bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy resulting in adrenal crisis. A 26 year old primigravida presented at 32 weeks of gestation initially with right sided infrascapular pain and one month later with similar pain in the left side associated with high blood pressure. Imaging with ultrasound and MRI was suggestive of bilateral adrenal mass probably hemorrhage; 2 days following the second episode of pain she developed drowsiness and hypotension and a diagnosis of primary adrenal insufficiency was confirmed by a low serum cortisol and high ACTH. She stabilized with hydrocortisone therapy and the fetus was closely monitored. At 37 weeks she had a normal vaginal delivery under steroid cover. Repeat MRI abdomen 3 months after delivery showed resolution of the hemorrhage but biochemically she continued to be cortisol insufficient at 1 year of follow up. Prompt diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage in pregnancy and treatment of adrenal insufficiency along with close fetal monitoring usually results in good perinatal outcome in spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage of pregnancy