2 research outputs found

    Desarrollo de métodos analíticos para el control de filtros UV de naturaleza orgánica en productos cosméticos para la protección solar.

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    RESUMEN El actual deterioro de la capa de ozono ha provocado un incremento de la radiación UV solar que llega a la Tierra, que hace necesaria una mayor protección con el fin de evitar efectos perjudiciales para la salud. El uso de productos cosméticos para la protección solar que incorporan filtros UV en su formulación podría contribuir a prevenir estos efectos dañinos. El control analítico de estos productos es necesario, ya que debe garantizarse su eficacia y seguridad. Sin embargo no existen métodos oficiales para su análisis, por lo que el desarrollo de métodos analíticos rápidos y exactos para el control del producto cosmético acabado es de gran interés, y constituye el objeto de esta Tesis Doctoral. Se ha puesto especial atención en el desarrollo de métodos en los que se utilicen reactivos inocuos o de baja toxicidad, reduciendo igualmente la cantidad de reactivos utilizada y minimizando la generación de residuos, con el fin de proponer métodos de análisis limpios, y así cumplir con la actual tendencia de la química analítica denominada Química Analítica Verde (Green Analytical Chemistry, en inglés). Se han propuesto métodos automatizados basados en el uso de la espectroscopía de absorción UV/VIS, fluorimetría y quimioluminimetría. La automatización de los procedimientos permite aumentar la rapidez del análisis. Las características analíticas de estos métodos son adecuadas para el control analítico de los filtros UV en los productos cosméticos acabados. También se han desarrollado métodos de cromatografía líquida con detección UV/VIS que permiten realizar en pocos minutos la determinación simultánea de los filtros UV más utilizados a nivel internacional. Las características analíticas de estos métodos son adecuadas para el control analítico de los productos cosméticos acabados. Además, en el último capítulo de esta Tesis Doctoral, se ha puesto a punto un método analítico para la determinación en orina de usuarios de productos cosméticos para la protección solar de uno de los filtros UV más utilizados, con el fin de estudiar los mecanismos de excreción y acumulación en el organismo y facilitar información sobre su posible efecto toxicológico. __________________________________________________________________________________________________Damage to the ozone layer has led to an increment in the solar UV radiation reaching earth, which in turn makes strong protection necessary in order to prevent harmful effects on human health. The use of sunscreen cosmetics could help to prevent or minimize these harmful effects. The analytical control of these products is necessary, since their efficacy and safety must be guaranteed. However, there are no official analytical methods to be used, and thus the development of rapid and accurate analytical methods in order to control sunscreen cosmetics is, without any doubt, of high interest, and this topic is the aim of this Doctoral Thesis. Special attention has been paid in the development of methods that use harmless reagents or with low toxicity, and moreover, by reducing the amount of employed reagents and thus minimizing the volume of waste of products generated, by proposing friendly (or green) analytical methods for both the environment and operator in order to fulfil with the current tendency of the analytical chemistry known as Green Analytical Chemistry. In this sense, different automated methods based on the use of UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy, fluorimetry and chemiluminiscence have been proposed. The automation of the procedures allows increasing the sample throughput. The analytical features of these methods are very suitable for the analytical control of the UV filters in the sunscreen cosmetic products. On the other hand, different methods based on the use of liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection have been also proposed, which allow the simultaneous determination of the worldwide most used UV filters in few minutes. The analytical features of these methods are also very suitable for monitoring the UV filters in the cosmetic products. Finally, the last chapter of this Doctoral Thesis is focused on the development of an analytical method able to determine one of the most used UV filter in urine samples coming from users of sunscreen cosmetic products, in order to study the excretion and bioaccumulation mechanisms in the human body, and thus providing information on its possible toxicological side-effects

    Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of nitro musks in surface water and wastewater samples

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    A new, simple, fast and high sensitive analytical method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the simultaneous determination of nitro musks in surface water and wastewater samples is presented. Different parameters, such as the nature and volume of both the extraction and disperser solvents and the ionic strength and pH of the aqueous donor phase, were optimized. Under the selected conditions (injection of a mixture of 1 mL of acetone as disperser solvent and 50 L of chloroform as extraction solvent, no salt addition and no pH adjustment) the figures of merit of the proposed DLLME-GC-MS method were evaluated. High enrichment factors, ranging between 230 and 314 depending on the target analyte, were achieved, which redound to limits of detection in the ng L−1 range (i.e., 4-33 ng L−1). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 5% for all the target analytes. Finally, the recoveries obtained for different water samples of diverse origin (sea, river, irrigation channel and water treatment plant) ranged between 87 and 116%, thus showing no matrix effects
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