French Charity Schools in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries — with Special Reference to the Case of Amiens

This article examines the development of charity education in France over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It first describes the different kinds of charity schools that existed and the frameworks in which they functioned, and then tries to determine the purposes ascribed to charity education, the reactions of contemporaries to different kinds of charitable instruction, which social groups and subgroups were expected to attend charity schools and where possible, who in fact did. It is argued that two distinct kinds of charity schools existed, and that the very poorest were excluded from them. L’auteur traite ici de l’évolution de l’enseignement charitable en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Après avoir décrit les divers types d’écoles de charité qui existaient alors et les paramètres dans lesquels elles s’inscrivaient, il tente de déterminer les fins assignées à ce genre d’enseignement et rend compte des réactions des contemporains vis-à-vis des choix offerts. S’appuyant sur l’exemple d’Amiens, il montre quels groupes sociaux étaient censés fréquenter les écoles de charité et quels sont ceux qui, de fait, s’en prévalaient. Il conclut à l’existence de deux types d’écoles charitables, dont les plus démunis étaient exclus en pratique

Carbonate-Clastic Synthems of the Middle Beekmantown Group in the Central and Southern Champlain Valley

Guidebook for field trips in Vermont: New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, 79th annual meeting, October 16, 17 and 18, 1987: Trips C-4. Irregular pagination

Bourses d'études et mobilité sociale en France à la veille de la Révolution. Bourses et boursiers du collège Louis-le-Grand (1762-1789)

Chisick Harvey. Bourses d'études et mobilité sociale en France à la veille de la Révolution. Bourses et boursiers du collège Louis-le-Grand (1762-1789). In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 30ᵉ année, N. 6, 1975. pp. 1562-1584

Copyright and Anti-Circumvention: Growing Pains in a Digital Millennium

Halfway through the first year of the new millennium – or halfway through the last year of the old one, depending on whom you ask – commentators and observers of all stripes seem to have settled conclusively that we are standing at the dawn of the ‘information age’. Articles reflecting on the nature of new technology in this so-called ‘digital millennium’ are becoming as ubiquitous as the phenomena they describe. The need to respond to perceived challenges to established law, to adapt and take new approaches to satisfy the demands of a society based on information technology, are frequently deliberated